Life Span
Perennial
Perennial
Type
Tree
Broadleaf Evergreen
Origin
Southern Europe, Mediterranean, Northern Africa
California
Types
Quercus ilex, Quercus rotundifolia
Heteromeles arbutifolia
Number of Varieties
23
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Mediterranean region
Foot Hills, low mountains, Woodlands
USDA Hardiness Zone
4-88-10
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
9-2
-
Sunset Zone
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
21,22
Habit
Oval or Rounded
Oval or Rounded
Plant Size
Minimum Height
1,220.00 cm180.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
1,070.00 cm120.00 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
Red, Yellow green
White
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
Bicolor
Fruit Color
Brown, Sandy Brown, Chocolate
Red, Orange Red
Leaf Color in Spring
Green, Dark Green
Green, Dark Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Dark Green
Green, Dark Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Dark Green
Green, Dark Green
Leaf Color in Winter
Dark Green
Dark Green
Shape
Leaf Shape
Oblong or Lanceolate
Elliptic
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Growth Rate
Medium
Medium
Type of Soil
Clay, Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam, Sand
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Drainage
Average
Well drained
Bloom Time
Spring
Summer
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Pollution, Drought, Salt
Drought, Salt
Where to Plant?
Ground
Ground
How to Plant?
Grafting, Seedlings
Seedlings
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Average Water Needs, Do Not over Water, Requires regular watering
Does not require water in summer, Requires watering in the growing season
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Type
Clay, Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam, Sand
Soil Drainage Capacity
Average
Well drained
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Pruning
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
-
Fertilizers
fertilize in fall, Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Potassium
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, Solid Fertilizers
Pests and Diseases
Aphids, Moth
Bacterial Diseases, Root Pathogen
Plant Tolerance
Pollution, Shade areas
Drought
Flowers
Insignificant
Showy
Flower Petal Number
-
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Medium
Medium
Foliage Sheen
Glossy
Glossy
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Birds, Insects
Birds
Allergy
-
Acidic
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Cottage Garden
Beautification
Beauty Benefits
Good for skin, Skin Problems
-
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Nesting sites for birds, Shadow Tree
Erosion control
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Digestive, Skin irritation
Body Ache, Stomach pain
Part of Plant Used
Bark, Fruits, Wood
Fruits, Leaves
Other Uses
Charcoal, Used as firewood, Used for its medicinal properties, Wood is used fore making tools
Decoration Purposes, Sauces
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Feature Plant, Hedges, Screening / Wind Break, Shade Trees, Street Trees
Mixed Border, Screening, Wind Break, Topiary, Bonsai, Espalier
Botanical Name
QUERCUS ilex
HETEROMELES arbutifolia
Common Name
Evergreen Oak, Holly Oak, Holm Oak
Christmas Berry, California Holly
In Hindi
होल्म ओक
Toyon
In German
Steineiche
Toyon
In French
chêne vert
Toyon
In Spanish
encina
Toyon
In Greek
πρινόδενδρο
Toyon
In Portuguese
azinheira
Toyon
In Polish
dąb skalny
Toyon
In Latin
ilice
Toyon
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Fagales
Rosales
Family
Fagaceae
Rosaceae
Genus
Quercus
Heteromeles
Clade
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Tribe
-
Maleae
Subfamily
-
Amygdaloideae
Number of Species
176
1
27800
👆🏻