Life Span
Perennial
Perennial
Type
Broadleaf Evergreen
Tree
Origin
California
Southern Europe, Mediterranean, Northern Africa
Types
Heteromeles arbutifolia
Quercus nigra, Quercus laurifolia
Number of Varieties
38
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Foot Hills, low mountains, Woodlands
-
USDA Hardiness Zone
8-107-9
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
-
9-7
Sunset Zone
21,22
7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
Habit
Oval or Rounded
Oval or Rounded
Plant Size
Minimum Height
180.00 cm1,220.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
120.00 cm1,220.00 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
White
Light Green
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
Bicolor
Fruit Color
Red, Orange Red
Brown, Chocolate, Black
Leaf Color in Spring
Green, Dark Green
Light Green, Bronze
Leaf Color in Summer
Green, Dark Green
Gray Green, Dark Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Green, Dark Green
Gray Green, Dark Green
Leaf Color in Winter
Dark Green
Gray Green, Dark Green
Shape
Leaf Shape
Elliptic
Oblong or Lanceolate
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Spring, Summer
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Growth Rate
Medium
Medium
Type of Soil
Clay, Loam, Sand
Loam, Sand
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral
Soil Drainage
Well drained
Average
Bloom Time
Summer
Early Spring, Spring
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Drought, Salt
Pollution
Where to Plant?
Ground
Ground
How to Plant?
Seedlings
Grafting, Seedlings
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Does not require water in summer, Requires watering in the growing season
Average Water Needs, Do Not over Water, Requires regular watering
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral
Soil Type
Clay, Loam, Sand
Loam, Sand
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
Average
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Pruning
-
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, Solid Fertilizers
fertilize in fall, Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Potassium
Pests and Diseases
Bacterial Diseases, Root Pathogen
Aphids, Moth
Plant Tolerance
Drought
Pollution, Shade areas
Flowers
Showy
Insignificant
Flower Petal Number
Single
-
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Medium
Fine
Foliage Sheen
Glossy
Glossy
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Birds
Birds
Allergy
Acidic
sneezing, Vomiting, Watery eyes
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Beautification
Cottage Garden
Beauty Benefits
-
Good for skin, Skin Problems
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Erosion control
Nesting sites for birds, Shadow Tree
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Body Ache, Stomach pain
Digestive, Skin irritation
Part of Plant Used
Fruits, Leaves
Bark, Fruits, Wood
Other Uses
Decoration Purposes, Sauces
Charcoal, Used as firewood, Used for its medicinal properties, Wood is used fore making tools
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Mixed Border, Screening, Wind Break, Topiary, Bonsai, Espalier
Screening / Wind Break, Shade Trees, Street Trees
Botanical Name
HETEROMELES arbutifolia
QUERCUS laurifolia
Common Name
Christmas Berry, California Holly
Darlington Oak, Diamond-leaf Oak, Laurel Oak, Laurel-leaf Oak, Swamp Laurel Oak, Water Oak
In Hindi
Toyon
Quercus
In German
Toyon
Quercus
In French
Toyon
Quercus
In Spanish
Toyon
Quercus
In Greek
Toyon
Quercus
In Portuguese
Toyon
Quercus
In Polish
Toyon
Quercus
In Latin
Toyon
Quercus
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Rosales
Fagales
Family
Rosaceae
Fagaceae
Genus
Heteromeles
Quercus
Clade
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Tribe
Maleae
-
Subfamily
Amygdaloideae
-
Number of Species
6450
1
27800
👆🏻