Life Span
Perennial
Perennial
Type
Broadleaf Evergreen
Tree
Origin
California
Central Asia, India, Nepal
Types
Heteromeles arbutifolia
White oak, Bluff oak, Muller oak
Number of Varieties
3600
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Foot Hills, low mountains, Woodlands
Clay soil areas, Dry areas, Sandy areas
USDA Hardiness Zone
8-106-9
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
-
7-5
Sunset Zone
21,22
H1, 7, 8, 9, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
Habit
Oval or Rounded
Oval or Rounded
Plant Size
Minimum Height
180.00 cm2,286.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
120.00 cm1,219.20 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
White
Red, Yellow green
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
Bicolor
Fruit Color
Red, Orange Red
Sandy Brown, Sienna
Leaf Color in Spring
Green, Dark Green
Green, Light Green, Gray
Leaf Color in Summer
Green, Dark Green
Green, Gray
Leaf Color in Fall
Green, Dark Green
Green, Dark Green, Gray
Leaf Color in Winter
Dark Green
Dark Green, Gray
Shape
Leaf Shape
Elliptic
broad, flat
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Growth Rate
Medium
Medium
Type of Soil
Clay, Loam, Sand
Loam
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic
Soil Drainage
Well drained
Average
Bloom Time
Summer
Spring
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Drought, Salt
Drought
Where to Plant?
Ground
Ground
How to Plant?
Seedlings
Seedlings, Transplanting
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Does not require water in summer, Requires watering in the growing season
Average Water Needs
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic
Soil Type
Clay, Loam, Sand
Loam
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
Average
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Pruning
-
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, Solid Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
Pests and Diseases
Bacterial Diseases, Root Pathogen
Red blotch
Plant Tolerance
Drought
Drought
Flowers
✔
✘
✔
✘
Flower Petal Number
Single
-
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Medium
Medium
Foliage Sheen
Glossy
Glossy
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Birds
Birds
Allergy
Acidic
Pollen
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Beautification
Showy Purposes
Beauty Benefits
-
-
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Erosion control
Air purification, Nesting sites for birds, Shadow Tree, Shelter for wildlife, Wildlife
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Body Ache, Stomach pain
Chronic fatigue, Cramps, Diarrhea, Dysentry, gallstones, Haemorrhages, Menstrual Cramps
Part of Plant Used
Fruits, Leaves
Leaves, Seeds, Wood
Other Uses
Decoration Purposes, Sauces
Used as firewood, used for making charcoal
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Mixed Border, Screening, Wind Break, Topiary, Bonsai, Espalier
Feature Plant, Shade Trees
Botanical Name
HETEROMELES arbutifolia
QUERCUS leucotrichophora
Common Name
Christmas Berry, California Holly
Banj Oak, Blackjack Oak, Himalayan Oak
In Hindi
Toyon
Blackjack Oak Tree
In German
Toyon
Blackjack Oak Tree
In French
Toyon
Blackjack Oak Tree
In Spanish
Toyon
Blackjack Oak Tree
In Greek
Toyon
Blackjack Oak Tree
In Portuguese
Toyon
Blackjack Carvalho
In Polish
Toyon
Blackjack Oak Tree
In Latin
Toyon
Blackjack quercum ligno
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Rosales
Fagales
Family
Rosaceae
Fagaceae
Genus
Heteromeles
Quercus
Clade
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Tribe
Maleae
-
Subfamily
Amygdaloideae
-
Number of Species
660
1
27800
👆🏻