Life Span
Perennial
Perennial
Type
Vegetable
Flowering Plants, Shrubs, Vegetable
Origin
Mediterranean
Mediterranean
Types
Green Globe, Imperial Star, Tempo, Violetto, Symphony
Belgian Endive, Red Belgian Endive, Curly Endive (a.k.a. Frisee), Escarole, Radicchio (Chioggia) and Radicchio (Chioggia)
Number of Varieties
910
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Sandy areas
Grassland, Mediterranean region, Wild
USDA Hardiness Zone
7-103-9
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
9-1
9-1
Sunset Zone
8, 9, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
A1, A2, A3, H1, H2, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
Habit
Rosette/Stemless
Clump-Forming
Plant Size
Minimum Height
5.60 cm3.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
1.05 cm1.50 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
Purple
Blue
Flower Color Modifier
-
-
Fruit Color
-
Brown
Leaf Color in Spring
Gray Green, Silver
Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Gray Green, Silver
Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Gray Green, Silver
Green
Leaf Color in Winter
-
Green
Shape
Leaf Shape
Glandular
Oblong
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Spring
Summer
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Partial shade
Full Sun, Part sun
Growth Rate
Fast
Medium
Type of Soil
Well drained
Loamy, Sandy
The pH of Soil
Slightly Acidic
Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral
Soil Drainage
Well drained
Well drained
Bloom Time
Early Fall, Fall
Summer
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Drought
-
Where to Plant?
Ground
Ground
How to Plant?
Seedlings, Transplanting
Seedlings
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Form a Soil ring to water efficiently, Needs watering once a week, Water twice a day in the initial period
Keep the ground moist but not water-logged, Prefer drip-irrigation instead of Over-head watering, Requires regular watering, Requires watering in the growing season
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Slightly Acidic
Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral
Soil Type
Well drained
Loamy, Sandy
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
Well drained
Sun Exposure
Partial shade
Full Sun, Part sun
Pruning
No pruning needed in the early stages, Prune after flowering, Remove deadheads
Cut or pinch the stems, Prune prior to new growth, Prune to stimulate growth, Remove dead or diseased plant parts, Remove deadheads
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
Pests and Diseases
Aphids, Gray mold, Powdery mildew, Root rot
Aphids, Loopers, Root rot, Viruses, Worms
Plant Tolerance
Drought
Drought
Flowers
✔
✘
✔
✘
Flower Petal Number
-
-
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Coarse
Medium
Foliage Sheen
Matte
Matte
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Butterflies
Butterflies
Allergy
Intestinal gas
-
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
-
-
Beauty Benefits
-
-
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification
Air purification
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Anemia, High cholestrol, Kidney problems, Liver problems
Cancer, Digestive disorders, Inflammation, Liver problems, Stomach pain
Part of Plant Used
Flowers, Fruits
Leaves, Root
Other Uses
Can be made into a herbal tea, Used as primary flavor in Italian Liqours
Used as an ingredient in coffee
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
-
-
Botanical Name
Cynara cardunculus
Cichorium intybus
Common Name
Artichoke
Blue daisy, blue dandelion, blue sailors, blue weed, bunk, coffeeweed, cornflower, hendibeh, horseweed, ragged sailors, succory, wild bachelor's buttons, and wild endive
In Hindi
Artichoke
कासनी
In German
Artischocke
Chicoree
In French
Artichaut
chicorée
In Spanish
Alcachofa
achicoria
In Greek
αγκινάρα
ραδίκι
In Portuguese
Alcachofra
chicória
In Polish
Karczoch
cykoria
In Latin
cactus
pancratium
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Anthophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Eudicotyledones
Magnoliopsida
Order
Asterales
Asterales
Family
Asteraceae
Asteraceae
Genus
Cynara
Cichorium
Clade
-
Angiosperms, Asterids, Eudicots
Tribe
Cynareae
Cichorieae
Subfamily
-
Cichorioideae
Number of Species
14085
1
27800
👆🏻