Life Span
Perennial
Perennial
Type
Bulb or Corm or Tuber
Flowering Plants, Shrubs, Vegetable
Origin
North America, Europe, Africa, Asia
Mediterranean
Types
-
Belgian Endive, Red Belgian Endive, Curly Endive (a.k.a. Frisee), Escarole, Radicchio (Chioggia) and Radicchio (Chioggia)
Number of Varieties
110
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Alpine Meadows, meadows, Mountains, stream banks
Grassland, Mediterranean region, Wild
USDA Hardiness Zone
4-83-9
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
8-1
9-1
Sunset Zone
21,22
A1, A2, A3, H1, H2, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
Habit
Upright/Erect
Clump-Forming
Plant Size
Minimum Height
91.40 cm3.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
25.40 cm1.50 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
Crimson, Pink, Red, Yellow
Blue
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
-
Fruit Color
-
Brown
Leaf Color in Spring
Green
Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Light Green
Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Several shades of Green
Green
Leaf Color in Winter
Light Green
Green
Shape
Leaf Shape
Oval
Oblong
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Spring, Summer, Fall
Summer
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Full Sun, Part sun
Growth Rate
Medium
Medium
Type of Soil
Clay, Loam, Sand
Loamy, Sandy
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral
Soil Drainage
Well drained
Well drained
Bloom Time
Early Summer, Summer
Summer
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Salt and Soil Compaction, Shade areas, Shallow soil
-
Where to Plant?
Container, Ground
Ground
How to Plant?
Cuttings, From bulbs
Seedlings
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Keep the Soil well drained, occasional watering once established
Keep the ground moist but not water-logged, Prefer drip-irrigation instead of Over-head watering, Requires regular watering, Requires watering in the growing season
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral
Soil Type
Clay, Loam, Sand
Loamy, Sandy
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
Well drained
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Full Sun, Part sun
Pruning
Cut off the flower stalks at the base of the plant, Prune after flowering, Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
Cut or pinch the stems, Prune prior to new growth, Prune to stimulate growth, Remove dead or diseased plant parts, Remove deadheads
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, Compost, Organic Flower Fertilizer
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
Pests and Diseases
Aphids, Bacteria wilt, Pink Root, Red blotch, Root rot
Aphids, Loopers, Root rot, Viruses, Worms
Plant Tolerance
Shallow soil, Soil Compaction
Drought
Flowers
✔
✘
✔
✘
Flower Petal Number
Single
-
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Coarse
Medium
Foliage Sheen
Glossy
Matte
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Butterflies, Hummingbirds
Butterflies
Allergy
Red eyes, Vomiting, wheezing
-
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Beautification, Cottage Garden
-
Beauty Benefits
Good Cleanser, Good for the Scalp
-
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification, Provides ground cover
Air purification
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Antibacterial, Antifungal, Anti-oxidant, Eczema, hemorrhoids
Cancer, Digestive disorders, Inflammation, Liver problems, Stomach pain
Part of Plant Used
Leaf Stalks, Stem
Leaves, Root
Other Uses
Decoration Purposes, Showy Purposes
Used as an ingredient in coffee
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Container, Cutflower, Mixed Border
-
Botanical Name
Spigelia marilandica
Cichorium intybus
Common Name
Woodland pinkroot, Indian pink
Blue daisy, blue dandelion, blue sailors, blue weed, bunk, coffeeweed, cornflower, hendibeh, horseweed, ragged sailors, succory, wild bachelor's buttons, and wild endive
In Hindi
pinkroot
कासनी
In German
Spigelia
Chicoree
In French
Spigelia
chicorée
In Spanish
Spigelia
achicoria
In Greek
Spigelia
ραδίκι
In Portuguese
Spigelia
chicória
In Polish
Spigelia
cykoria
In Latin
Spigelia
pancratium
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Gentianales
Asterales
Family
Loganiceae
Asteraceae
Genus
Spigelia
Cichorium
Clade
Angiosperms, Asterids, Eudicots
Angiosperms, Asterids, Eudicots
Tribe
-
Cichorieae
Subfamily
-
Cichorioideae
Number of Species
6085
1
27800
👆🏻