Life Span
Perennial
Perennial
Type
Perennial
Tree
Origin
Europe, Russia
Eastern Asia
Types
Primula elatior
Ulmus parvifolia 'Emer II', Ulmus parvifolia 'True Green'
Number of Varieties
14
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Roadsides, sand dunes, Waste areas
Woodland Garden Canopy
USDA Hardiness Zone
4-75-9
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
7-1
9-1
Sunset Zone
A1, A2, A3, H1, H2, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
Habit
Rosette/Stemless
Upright/Erect
Plant Size
Minimum Height
30.00 cm460.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
25.00 cm300.00 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
Light Yellow
Red
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
Bicolor
Fruit Color
Tan
Tan, Brown
Leaf Color in Spring
Green
Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Green
Dark Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Green
Yellow, Red, Green
Leaf Color in Winter
Light Green
-
Shape
Leaf Shape
Oblong
Elliptic, toothed
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Summer
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Growth Rate
Medium
-
Type of Soil
Loam, Sand
Loam, Sand
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Drainage
Well drained
Well drained
Bloom Time
Early Summer, Summer, Late Summer
Fall
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Drought
Drought
Where to Plant?
Container, Ground, Pot
Ground
How to Plant?
Divison, Seedlings, Stem Planting
Seedlings
Plant Maintenance
Low
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Average Water Needs, Do Not over Water, Never Over-water, Requires regular watering, Water more in summer
Average Water Needs
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Type
Loam, Sand
Loam, Sand
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
Well drained
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Pruning
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves, Remove dead or diseased plant parts
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, fertilize in growing season
6-12-12 or 5-10-10
Pests and Diseases
Slugs, Snails
Canker, Leaf spot, Rots, Wilts
Plant Tolerance
Variety of soil types
Drought
Flowers
✔
✘
✔
✘
Flower Petal Number
Single
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Fine
Fine
Foliage Sheen
Matte
Glossy
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Insects
Birds
Allergy
Abdominal pain, Constipation, Diarrhea, Skin irritation
Moderate Allergen
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Beautification, Borders, Landscape Designing, Showy Purposes
Bonsai, Showy Purposes
Beauty Benefits
Good for skin, Making cosmetics, Stops hair loss
-
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification, Food for insects, Versatility
Air purification
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Eczema
Antidote, Demulcent, Diuretic, Expectorant, Febrifuge, Hypnotic
Part of Plant Used
Root
Fruits, Inner Bark, Leaves
Other Uses
Decoration Purposes, Medicinal oil, Showy Purposes, Used as Ornamental plant, Used for its medicinal properties
Can be grown in a shelter belt, Used as a thickener in soups
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Edging, Feature Plant, Groundcover, Mixed Border
Container, Feature Plant, Mixed Border, Shade Trees, Street Trees, Topiary / Bonsai / Espalier
Botanical Name
Primula elatior
ULMUS parvifolia
Common Name
Oxlip, true oxlip
Chinese Elm, Lacebark Elm
In Hindi
Oxlip
Lacebark Elm
In German
Hohe Schlüsselblume
Lacebark Elm
In French
La Primevère élevée ou Primevère des bois
Lacebark Elm
In Spanish
Primula elatior
Lacebark Elm
In Greek
δακράκι
Lacebark Elm
In Portuguese
Oxlip
Lacebark Elm
In Polish
Oxlip
Lacebark Elm
In Latin
Oxlip
Lacebark Elm
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Myrtales
Urticales
Family
Onagraceae
Ulmaceae
Genus
Oenothera
Ulmus
Clade
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Tribe
Onagreae
Ulmeae
Subfamily
Onagroideae
-
Number of Species
14510
1
27800
👆🏻