Life Span
Perennial
Perennial
Type
Perennial
Tree
Origin
Europe, Russia
Mexico, Central America
Types
Primula elatior
Criollo, Forastero, Trinitario
Number of Varieties
13
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Roadsides, sand dunes, Waste areas
Lowland, Tropical rainforest, Tropical regions
USDA Hardiness Zone
4-711-15
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
7-1
12-10
Sunset Zone
A1, A2, A3, H1, H2, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
H1, H2
Habit
Rosette/Stemless
Oval or Rounded
Plant Size
Minimum Height
30.00 cm610.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
25.00 cm370.00 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
Light Yellow
White
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
Bicolor
Fruit Color
Tan
Gold, Burgundy, Dark Red
Leaf Color in Spring
Green
Light Green, Dark Green, Pink, Copper
Leaf Color in Summer
Green
Light Green, Dark Green, Copper
Leaf Color in Fall
Green
Light Green, Dark Green
Leaf Color in Winter
Light Green
Dark Green
Shape
Leaf Shape
Oblong
Broad, Unlobed
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Summer
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Partial Sun
Growth Rate
Medium
Medium
Type of Soil
Loam, Sand
Loam, Sand
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral
Soil Drainage
Well drained
Well drained
Bloom Time
Early Summer, Summer, Late Summer
Indeterminate
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Drought
-
Where to Plant?
Container, Ground, Pot
Ground
How to Plant?
Divison, Seedlings, Stem Planting
Seedlings, Stem Planting
Plant Maintenance
Low
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Average Water Needs, Do Not over Water, Never Over-water, Requires regular watering, Water more in summer
Keep ground moist, Requires watering in the growing season
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral
Soil Type
Loam, Sand
Loam, Sand
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
Well drained
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Partial Sun
Pruning
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves, Remove dead or diseased plant parts
Prune to stimulate growth, Prune twice a year, Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, fertilize in growing season
Ammonia sulphate, Nitrogen
Pests and Diseases
Slugs, Snails
Borers, Insects, Phytophthora, Red blotch
Plant Tolerance
Variety of soil types
Shade areas, Wet Site
Flowers
✔
✘
✔
✘
Flower Petal Number
Single
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Fine
Coarse
Foliage Sheen
Matte
Glossy
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Insects
-
Allergy
Abdominal pain, Constipation, Diarrhea, Skin irritation
Diabetes, Diarrhea
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Beautification, Borders, Landscape Designing, Showy Purposes
-
Beauty Benefits
Good for skin, Making cosmetics, Stops hair loss
-
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification, Food for insects, Versatility
Air purification
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Eczema
Anti-oxidant, Antioxidants, Asthma, Cancer, Cardiovascular problems, constipation, High cholestrol, Wounds
Part of Plant Used
Root
Leaves, Seeds
Other Uses
Decoration Purposes, Medicinal oil, Showy Purposes, Used as Ornamental plant, Used for its medicinal properties
Employed in herbal medicine, Used for its medicinal properties, Used in making beverages
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Edging, Feature Plant, Groundcover, Mixed Border
Edible, Feature Plant, Fruit / Fruit Tree, Shade Trees, Tropical
Botanical Name
Primula elatior
THEOBROMA cacao
Common Name
Oxlip, true oxlip
Cacao, Chocolate, Cocoa
In Hindi
Oxlip
कोको संयंत्र
In German
Hohe Schlüsselblume
Kakaopflanze
In French
La Primevère élevée ou Primevère des bois
usine de cacao
In Spanish
Primula elatior
planta del cacao
In Greek
δακράκι
φυτό του κακάο
In Portuguese
Oxlip
planta do cacau
In Polish
Oxlip
Kakao roślin
In Latin
Oxlip
Cocos herba
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Myrtales
Malvales
Family
Onagraceae
Sterculiaceae
Genus
Oenothera
Theobroma
Clade
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Tribe
Onagreae
Theobromeae
Subfamily
Onagroideae
Byttneroideae
Number of Species
14522
1
27800
👆🏻