Life Span
Perennial
Perennial
Type
Perennial
Tree
Origin
Europe, Russia
Mid-Atlantic United States, Southeastern United States, South-Central United States
Types
Primula elatior
Castanea pumila
Number of Varieties
18
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Roadsides, sand dunes, Waste areas
Hillside, Ridges
USDA Hardiness Zone
4-75-9
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
7-1
9-5
Sunset Zone
A1, A2, A3, H1, H2, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
-
Habit
Rosette/Stemless
Upright/Erect
Plant Size
Minimum Height
30.00 cm610.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
25.00 cm150.00 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
Light Yellow
White, Light Yellow, Ivory
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
Bicolor
Fruit Color
Tan
Light Green, Chartreuse
Leaf Color in Spring
Green
Green, Gray Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Green
Gray Green, Dark Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Green
Yellow, Gold, Tan
Leaf Color in Winter
Light Green
-
Shape
Leaf Shape
Oblong
Elliptic
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Summer
Spring, Summer, Fall
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Growth Rate
Medium
Slow
Type of Soil
Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral
Soil Drainage
Well drained
Well drained
Bloom Time
Early Summer, Summer, Late Summer
Late Spring, Early Summer
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Drought
-
Where to Plant?
Container, Ground, Pot
Ground
How to Plant?
Divison, Seedlings, Stem Planting
Seedlings
Plant Maintenance
Low
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Average Water Needs, Do Not over Water, Never Over-water, Requires regular watering, Water more in summer
Average Water Needs, Requires watering in the growing season, Water once every two or three weeks
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral
Soil Type
Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
Well drained
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Pruning
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves, Remove dead or diseased plant parts
Prune in early spring, Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, fertilize in growing season
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
Pests and Diseases
Slugs, Snails
Red blotch
Plant Tolerance
Variety of soil types
Drought
Flowers
✔
✘
✔
✘
Flower Petal Number
Single
-
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Fine
Coarse
Foliage Sheen
Matte
Glossy
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Insects
Birds, Deers, Rabbits, Squirrels
Allergy
Abdominal pain, Constipation, Diarrhea, Skin irritation
-
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Beautification, Borders, Landscape Designing, Showy Purposes
Beautification, Landscape Designing, Showy Purposes
Beauty Benefits
Good for skin, Making cosmetics, Stops hair loss
-
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification, Food for insects, Versatility
Air purification, Food for insects
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Eczema
Headache, Treating fever
Part of Plant Used
Root
Leaves, Seeds, Stem
Other Uses
Decoration Purposes, Medicinal oil, Showy Purposes, Used as Ornamental plant, Used for its medicinal properties
Decoration Purposes, Showy Purposes, Used in biomass, Wood is used for making furniture, Wood log is used in making fences
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Edging, Feature Plant, Groundcover, Mixed Border
Edible, Feature Plant, Fruit / Fruit Tree, Mixed Border, Screening / Wind Break, Shade Trees
Botanical Name
Primula elatior
CASTANEA pumila
Common Name
Oxlip, true oxlip
Chinquapin
In Hindi
Oxlip
बौना शाहबलूत
In German
Hohe Schlüsselblume
Zwergkastanien
In French
La Primevère élevée ou Primevère des bois
châtaignier nain
In Spanish
Primula elatior
el castaño enano
In Greek
δακράκι
νάνος καστανιάς
In Portuguese
Oxlip
νάνος καστανιάς
In Polish
Oxlip
krasnolud kasztan
In Latin
Oxlip
P. castaneis
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Anthophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Myrtales
Fagales
Family
Onagraceae
Fagaceae
Genus
Oenothera
Castanea
Clade
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Tribe
Onagreae
Cherokee
Subfamily
Onagroideae
Cassidinae
Number of Species
1456
1
27800
👆🏻