Life Span
Perennial
Perennial
Type
Perennial
Tree
Origin
Europe, Russia
Northeastern United States, Mid-Atlantic United States, Southeastern United States
Types
Primula elatior
Nyssa sylvatica
Number of Varieties
15
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Roadsides, sand dunes, Waste areas
Lowland, Sandy areas, Wet Woods
USDA Hardiness Zone
4-75-9
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
7-1
9-7
Sunset Zone
A1, A2, A3, H1, H2, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21
Habit
Rosette/Stemless
Pyramidal
Plant Size
Minimum Height
30.00 cm1,828.80 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
25.00 cm762.00 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
Light Yellow
Yellow green
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
Bicolor
Fruit Color
Tan
Dark Blue, Black
Leaf Color in Spring
Green
Light Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Green
Dark Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Green
Crimson, Dark Red, Orange Red
Leaf Color in Winter
Light Green
-
Shape
Leaf Shape
Oblong
Oblovate
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Summer
Fall
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Growth Rate
Medium
Slow
Type of Soil
Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic
Soil Drainage
Well drained
Poorly Drained
Bloom Time
Early Summer, Summer, Late Summer
Summer
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Drought
Wet Site, Drought, Soil Compaction
Where to Plant?
Container, Ground, Pot
Ground
How to Plant?
Divison, Seedlings, Stem Planting
Seedlings, Stem Cutting
Plant Maintenance
Low
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Average Water Needs, Do Not over Water, Never Over-water, Requires regular watering, Water more in summer
Average Water Needs, Medium
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic
Soil Type
Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
Poorly Drained
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Pruning
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves, Remove dead or diseased plant parts
Prune in early spring, Prune in late winter, Prune when plant is dormant, Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, fertilize in growing season
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, Fertilize in early spring
Pests and Diseases
Slugs, Snails
Red blotch
Plant Tolerance
Variety of soil types
Drought, Soil Compaction, Wet Site
Flowers
✔
✘
✔
✘
Flower Petal Number
Single
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Fine
Bold
Foliage Sheen
Matte
Glossy
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Insects
Birds
Allergy
Abdominal pain, Constipation, Diarrhea, Skin irritation
Mild Allergen, Pollen
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Beautification, Borders, Landscape Designing, Showy Purposes
Used in parkland, Water gardening
Beauty Benefits
Good for skin, Making cosmetics, Stops hair loss
-
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification, Food for insects, Versatility
Air purification, Food for animals, Food for birds, Nesting sites for birds, Shadow Tree, Shelter for wildlife, Wildlife, Windbreak
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Eczema
Emetic, Opthalmic, Vermifuge
Part of Plant Used
Root
Fruits, Seeds
Other Uses
Decoration Purposes, Medicinal oil, Showy Purposes, Used as Ornamental plant, Used for its medicinal properties
Food for insects, Used as a dye, Used As Food, Used as Ornamental plant
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Edging, Feature Plant, Groundcover, Mixed Border
Feature Plant, Shade Trees, Street Trees
Botanical Name
Primula elatior
NYSSA sylvatica
Common Name
Oxlip, true oxlip
Black Tupelo, Blackgum, Sour Gum
In Hindi
Oxlip
Black Tupelo Tree
In German
Hohe Schlüsselblume
Schwarz Tupelo Baum
In French
La Primevère élevée ou Primevère des bois
Noir Arbre Tupelo
In Spanish
Primula elatior
Árbol negro Tupelo
In Greek
δακράκι
Μαύρη Tupelo Δέντρο
In Portuguese
Oxlip
Árvore Tupelo Preto
In Polish
Oxlip
Czarny Tupelo Drzewo
In Latin
Oxlip
Niger Tupelo ligno
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Myrtales
Cornales
Family
Onagraceae
Nyssaceae
Genus
Oenothera
Nyssa
Clade
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Angiosperms, Asterids, Eudicots
Tribe
Onagreae
Bombini
Subfamily
Onagroideae
Nyssoideae
Number of Species
14545
1
27800
👆🏻