Life Span
Perennial
Perennial
Type
Perennial
Tree
Origin
Europe, Russia
-
Types
Primula elatior
-
Number of Varieties
112
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Roadsides, sand dunes, Waste areas
All sorts of environments
USDA Hardiness Zone
4-77-9
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
7-1
9-6
Sunset Zone
A1, A2, A3, H1, H2, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
8, 9, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
Habit
Rosette/Stemless
Twisted/Contorted
Plant Size
Minimum Height
30.00 cm460.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
25.00 cm240.00 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
Light Yellow
White
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
Bicolor
Fruit Color
Tan
Red
Leaf Color in Spring
Green
Green, Dark Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Green
Dark Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Green
Dark Green
Leaf Color in Winter
Light Green
Dark Green
Shape
Leaf Shape
Oblong
Oval
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Summer
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Growth Rate
Medium
Slow
Type of Soil
Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam, Sand
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral
Soil Drainage
Well drained
Well drained
Bloom Time
Early Summer, Summer, Late Summer
Spring, Late Spring, Fall, Late Fall, Early Winter
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Drought
Drought, Salt
Where to Plant?
Container, Ground, Pot
Ground
How to Plant?
Divison, Seedlings, Stem Planting
Budding, Seedlings, Stem Cutting
Plant Maintenance
Low
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Average Water Needs, Do Not over Water, Never Over-water, Requires regular watering, Water more in summer
Allow to dry out slightly between watering, Average Water Needs
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral
Soil Type
Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam, Sand
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
Well drained
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Pruning
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves, Remove dead or diseased plant parts
Cut leaves after fall, Cut upper 1/3 section when young to enhancegrowth, Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, fertilize in growing season
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, Compost, fertilize in growing season
Pests and Diseases
Slugs, Snails
Aphids, Bacteria wilt, Fungal Diseases, Rats, Red blotch
Plant Tolerance
Variety of soil types
Dry soil, Salt and Soil Compaction, Shallow soil
Flowers
✔
✘
✔
✘
Flower Petal Number
Single
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Fine
Medium
Foliage Sheen
Matte
Matte
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Insects
Birds
Allergy
Abdominal pain, Constipation, Diarrhea, Skin irritation
allergic conjunctivitis, Itchy eyes, Respiratory problems
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Beautification, Borders, Landscape Designing, Showy Purposes
Beautification, Hanging Basket, Showy Purposes
Beauty Benefits
Good for skin, Making cosmetics, Stops hair loss
Beautiful Skin, Good for the Scalp, Moisturizing, Remove blemishes
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification, Food for insects, Versatility
Absorbs greenhouse gases, Food for animals, Insect Repellent, Prevent Soil Erosion, Shadow Tree
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Eczema
Acne, Dysentry, Nutritive, osteoporosis
Part of Plant Used
Root
Flowers, Fruits, Leaves
Other Uses
Decoration Purposes, Medicinal oil, Showy Purposes, Used as Ornamental plant, Used for its medicinal properties
Animal Feed, Application in Handicrafts, Biomass for fuel, Oil is used for aromatherapy
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Edging, Feature Plant, Groundcover, Mixed Border
Feature Plant, Mixed Border
Botanical Name
Primula elatior
Arbutus menziesii
Common Name
Oxlip, true oxlip
Arbutus
In Hindi
Oxlip
सदाबहार
In German
Hohe Schlüsselblume
Erdbeerbaum
In French
La Primevère élevée ou Primevère des bois
arbousier
In Spanish
Primula elatior
Arbitus
In Greek
δακράκι
κουμαριά
In Portuguese
Oxlip
árbuto
In Polish
Oxlip
mącznik
In Latin
Oxlip
arbutus
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
-
Order
Myrtales
Ericales
Family
Onagraceae
Ericaceae
Genus
Oenothera
Arbutus
Clade
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Angiosperms, Asterids, Eudicots
Tribe
Onagreae
-
Subfamily
Onagroideae
Arbutoideae
Number of Species
1458
1
27800
👆🏻