Life Span
Perennial
Perennial
Type
Perennial
Tree
Origin
Europe, Russia
North America, Northeastern United States, Mid-Atlantic United States, Southeastern United States, Canada
Types
Primula elatior
-
Number of Varieties
11
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Roadsides, sand dunes, Waste areas
Deciduous forests, Forest margins
USDA Hardiness Zone
4-75-8
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
7-1
8-1
Sunset Zone
A1, A2, A3, H1, H2, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 14, 15, 16, 17
Habit
Rosette/Stemless
Oval or Rounded
Plant Size
Minimum Height
30.00 cm1,830.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
25.00 cm2,130.00 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
Light Yellow
Gold, Light Green, Light Yellow, White
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
Bicolor
Fruit Color
Tan
Light Green, Sienna, Chocolate
Leaf Color in Spring
Green
Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Green
Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Green
Yellow, Yellow green, Gold
Leaf Color in Winter
Light Green
-
Shape
Leaf Shape
Oblong
Toothed
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Summer
Spring, Summer, Fall
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Growth Rate
Medium
Slow
Type of Soil
Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral
Soil Drainage
Well drained
Well drained
Bloom Time
Early Summer, Summer, Late Summer
Early Summer
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Drought
-
Where to Plant?
Container, Ground, Pot
Ground
How to Plant?
Divison, Seedlings, Stem Planting
Seedlings, Stem Planting
Plant Maintenance
Low
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Average Water Needs, Do Not over Water, Never Over-water, Requires regular watering, Water more in summer
Needs very little water
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral
Soil Type
Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
Well drained
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Pruning
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves, Remove dead or diseased plant parts
Cut back all stems to the same height, Pinch or prune as they grow to promote branching and bushiness, Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, fertilize in growing season
14-14-14 Fertilizer, Compost, General purpose liquid or granular fertilizer
Pests and Diseases
Slugs, Snails
Chestnut Blight
Plant Tolerance
Variety of soil types
Drought
Flowers
✔
✘
✔
✘
Flower Petal Number
Single
-
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Fine
Medium
Foliage Sheen
Matte
Matte
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Insects
Bees, Birds, Deers
Allergy
Abdominal pain, Constipation, Diarrhea, Skin irritation
conjunctivitis, Vomiting
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Beautification, Borders, Landscape Designing, Showy Purposes
Showy Purposes
Beauty Benefits
Good for skin, Making cosmetics, Stops hair loss
-
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification, Food for insects, Versatility
Air purification, Wildlife
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Eczema
Arthritis, Cough, Sore throat, Swelling
Part of Plant Used
Root
Sap, Wood
Other Uses
Decoration Purposes, Medicinal oil, Showy Purposes, Used as Ornamental plant, Used for its medicinal properties
Decorative veneers, flooring, paneling, Used in Furniture, Used in pulpwood and lumber production
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Edging, Feature Plant, Groundcover, Mixed Border
Edible, Feature Plant, Shade Trees
Botanical Name
Primula elatior
CASTANEA dentata
Common Name
Oxlip, true oxlip
American Chestnut
In Hindi
Oxlip
अमेरिकी शाहबलूत
In German
Hohe Schlüsselblume
Amerikanische Kastanie
In French
La Primevère élevée ou Primevère des bois
Châtaignier d'Amérique
In Spanish
Primula elatior
Castanea dentata
In Greek
δακράκι
american καστανιάς
In Portuguese
Oxlip
castanea americana
In Polish
Oxlip
Kasztan amerykański
In Latin
Oxlip
English castaneis
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Myrtales
Fagales
Family
Onagraceae
Fagaceae
Genus
Oenothera
Castanea
Clade
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Tribe
Onagreae
-
Subfamily
Onagroideae
-
Number of Species
1458
1
27800
👆🏻