Life Span
Perennial
  
Annual
  
Type
Herbaceous Perennial, Perennial
  
Flowering Plants
  
Origin
United States, Central United States, South-Central United States, Texas
  
North America
  
Types
Not available
  
Helianthus annuus, Heliantheae,
  
Number of Varieties
Not Available
  
Habitat
Bluffs, limestone outcrops, Prairies, Rocky areas
  
Dry areas, Open areas, Prairies
  
USDA Hardiness Zone
5-8
  
3-10
  
AHS Heat Zone
8-3
  
12-1
  
Sunset Zone
1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
  
A1, A2, A3, H1, H2, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
  
Habit
Spreading
  
Upright/Erect
  
Plant Size
  
  
Plant Color
  
  
Flower Color
Yellow, Lemon yellow, Gold
  
Brown, Yellow
  
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
  
Bicolor
  
Fruit Color
Light Green, Tan
  
Black, Chocolate, Ivory
  
Leaf Color in Spring
Green
  
Dark Green, Green
  
Leaf Color in Summer
Green
  
Green
  
Leaf Color in Fall
Green
  
Green
  
Leaf Color in Winter
Light Green
  
Not Available
  
Shape
  
  
Leaf Shape
Lance shaped
  
Oval
  
Thorns
No
  
No
  
Plant Season
Spring, Summer
  
Summer
  
Growing Conditions
  
  
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun
  
Bright direct sunlight
  
Growth Rate
Fast
  
Very Fast
  
Type of Soil
Loam, Sand
  
Dry, Light, Well drained
  
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
  
Acidic, Alkaline
  
Soil Drainage
Well drained
  
Well drained
  
Bloom Time
Late Spring, Early Summer, Summer, Late Summer
  
Early Fall, Early Summer, Fall, Late Spring, Late Summer, Summer
  
Repeat Bloomer
Yes
  
No
  
Tolerances
Drought
  
Not Available
  
Where to Plant?
Ground, Pot
  
Container, Ground, Pot
  
How to Plant?
Divison, Seedlings
  
Seedlings
  
Plant Maintenance
Medium
  
Medium
  
Watering Plants
  
  
Watering Requirements
Average Water Needs, Do Not over Water, Requires regular watering
  
Keep the ground moist but not water-logged, Requires regular watering, Requires watering in the growing season
  
In Summer
Lots of watering
  
Lots of watering
  
In Spring
Moderate
  
Moderate
  
In Winter
Average Water
  
Average Water
  
Soil
  
  
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
  
Acidic, Alkaline
  
Soil Type
Loam, Sand
  
Dry, Light, Well drained
  
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
  
Well drained
  
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun
  
Bright direct sunlight
  
Pruning
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
  
Prune ocassionally, Requires little pruning
  
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
  
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
  
Pests and Diseases
Leaf spot, Root rot
  
Alternaria leaf blight, Apical chlorosis, Bacteria wilt, Bacterial leaf spot, Botrytis head rot, Charcoal rot, Crown gall, Downy mildew, Erwinia stalk rot, Fusarium stalk rot, Fusarium wilt, head rot, Phialophora yellows, Stem spot
  
Plant Tolerance
Drought
  
Drought
  
Flowers
Yes
  
Yes
  
Flower Petal Number
Single
  
Single
  
Fruits
  
  
Showy Fruit
Yes
  
No
  
Edible Fruit
No
  
Yes
  
Fragrance
  
  
Fragrant Flower
Yes
  
Yes
  
Fragrant Fruit
No
  
No
  
Fragrant Leaf
No
  
No
  
Fragrant Bark/Stem
No
  
No
  
Showy Foliage
No
  
No
  
Showy Bark
No
  
No
  
Foliage Texture
Medium
  
Coarse
  
Foliage Sheen
Matte
  
Matte
  
Evergreen
No
  
No
  
Invasive
No
  
No
  
Self-Sowing
Yes
  
Yes
  
Attracts
Bugs, Butterflies, Flies, Flying insects, Insects
  
Birds, Butterflies
  
Allergy
Not Available
  
Runny nose, Red eyes, Watery eyes, Sore eyes, Itchy eyes
  
Uses
  
  
Aesthetic Uses
Beautification, Decorating walls, Hanging Basket, Showy Purposes, Used as an interior landscaping species, Used for decorating walls, fences, gates, hedges, etc.
  
Beautification, Bouquets, Showy Purposes, Used for decorating walls, fences, gates, hedges, etc.
  
Beauty Benefits
Glowing Skin, Improve skin condition, Making cosmetics, used as a dye
  
Not Available
  
Edible Uses
Yes
  
Yes
  
Environmental Uses
Air purification
  
Air purification
  
Plant Benefits
  
  
Medicinal Uses
Arthritis, cholesterol-lowering, Diarrhea, Eczema, Inflammation, lowering blood pressure
  
Pulmonary afflictions
  
Part of Plant Used
Whole plant
  
Flowers, Seeds, Stem
  
Other Uses
Making Perfumes, Used as Ornamental plant, Used for bedding in gardens
  
As Fertilizers, Economic Purpose, Oil is used in perfume, soaps, creams, etc., Showy Purposes, Used As Food, Used as Ornamental plant, Used for producing cooking oil
  
Used As Indoor Plant
Yes
  
Yes
  
Used As Outdoor Plant
Yes
  
Yes
  
Garden Design
Mixed Border, Rock Garden, Wall, Wildflower
  
Bedding Plant, Bonsai, Container, Edging, Edible, Feature Plant, Houseplant, Vegetable
  
Botanical Name
OENOTHERA macrocarpa
  
Helianths Annuus
  
Common Name
Bigfruit evening Primrose,Ozark sundrop,Missouri evening primrose
  
Sunflower
  
In Hindi
Missouri primrose
  
Sūrajamukhī
  
In German
Missouri Primel
  
Sonnenblume
  
In French
Oenothera macrocarpa
  
Tournesol
  
In Spanish
prímula Missouri
  
Girasol
  
In Greek
Missouri primrose
  
ηλιοτρόπιο
  
In Portuguese
Missouri Primrose
  
Girassol
  
In Polish
Wiesiołek ozdobny
  
słonecznik
  
In Latin
Primrose Missouri
  
Helianthus
  
Kingdom
Plantae
  
Plantae
  
Phylum
Tracheophyta
  
Magnoliophyta
  
Class
Magnoliopsida
  
Magnoliopsida
  
Order
Myrtales
  
Asterales
  
Family
Onagraceae
  
Asteraceae
  
Genus
Oenothera
  
Heilanthus
  
Clade
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
  
Not Available
  
Tribe
Onagreae
  
Heliantheae
  
Subfamily
Onagroideae
  
Helianthodeae