Life Span
Perennial
Perennial
Type
Flowering Plants, Shrubs, Vegetable
Herbs
Origin
Mediterranean
Mediterranean, Turkey
Types
Belgian Endive, Red Belgian Endive, Curly Endive (a.k.a. Frisee), Escarole, Radicchio (Chioggia) and Radicchio (Chioggia)
Levisticum officinale
Number of Varieties
1020
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Grassland, Mediterranean region, Wild
Arid Habitats, Damp Places, Waste areas
USDA Hardiness Zone
3-94-9
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
9-1
8-1
Sunset Zone
A1, A2, A3, H1, H2, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
Habit
Clump-Forming
Upright/Erect
Plant Size
Minimum Height
3.00 cm90.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
1.50 cm60.00 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
Blue
Yellow, Yellow green
Flower Color Modifier
-
Bicolor
Fruit Color
Brown
Green, Tan
Leaf Color in Spring
Green
Green, Dark Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Green
Dark Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Green
Dark Green
Leaf Color in Winter
Green
Light Green
Shape
Leaf Shape
Oblong
Elliptic
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Summer
Spring, Summer, Fall
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Part sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Growth Rate
Medium
Fast
Type of Soil
Loamy, Sandy
Loam
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Drainage
Well drained
Well drained
Bloom Time
Summer
Early Summer, Summer
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
-
Drought
Where to Plant?
Ground
Ground, Pot
How to Plant?
Seedlings
Rhizome division, Seedlings
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Keep the ground moist but not water-logged, Prefer drip-irrigation instead of Over-head watering, Requires regular watering, Requires watering in the growing season
Average Water Needs
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Type
Loamy, Sandy
Loam
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
Well drained
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Part sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Pruning
Cut or pinch the stems, Prune prior to new growth, Prune to stimulate growth, Remove dead or diseased plant parts, Remove deadheads
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
Pests and Diseases
Aphids, Loopers, Root rot, Viruses, Worms
Insects
Plant Tolerance
Drought
Drought
Flowers
✔
✘
✔
✘
Flower Petal Number
-
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Medium
Coarse
Foliage Sheen
Matte
Glossy
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
Sometimes
Sometimes
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Butterflies
Wildlife
Allergy
-
contact allergic dermatitis
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
-
along a porch, deck or patio
Beauty Benefits
-
-
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification
Air purification
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Cancer, Digestive disorders, Inflammation, Liver problems, Stomach pain
Boils, Gastritis, Gout, Heartburn, Indigestion, Jaundice, Menstrual Disorders, Migraines
Part of Plant Used
Leaves, Root
Leaves, Root, Seeds
Other Uses
Used as an ingredient in coffee
Used As Food, Used as a spice, Used in making beverages
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
-
Dried Flower/Everlasting, Edible, Feature Plant, Herb / Vegetable, Mixed Border
Botanical Name
Cichorium intybus
LEVISTICUM officinale
Common Name
Blue daisy, blue dandelion, blue sailors, blue weed, bunk, coffeeweed, cornflower, hendibeh, horseweed, ragged sailors, succory, wild bachelor's buttons, and wild endive
Lovage
In Hindi
कासनी
Levisticum Officinale
In German
Chicoree
Liebstöckel
In French
chicorée
livèche
In Spanish
achicoria
lovage
In Greek
ραδίκι
λεβιστικό
In Portuguese
chicória
lovage
In Polish
cykoria
lubczyk
In Latin
pancratium
ligusticum
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Tracheophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Asterales
Apiales
Family
Asteraceae
Apiaceae
Genus
Cichorium
Levisticum
Clade
Angiosperms, Asterids, Eudicots
Angiosperms, Asterids, Eudicots
Tribe
Cichorieae
Apieae
Subfamily
Cichorioideae
-
Number of Species
851
1
27800
👆🏻