Life Span
Biennial
  
Annual
  
Type
Herbs
  
Flowering Plants
  
Origin
Europe, Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Western Europe, Mediterranean, Turkey, Western Asia
  
North America
  
Types
Not available
  
Helianthus annuus, Heliantheae,
  
Number of Varieties
Not Available
  
Habitat
Cultivated Beds
  
Dry areas, Open areas, Prairies
  
USDA Hardiness Zone
Not Available
  
3-10
  
AHS Heat Zone
8-1
  
12-1
  
Sunset Zone
A2, A3, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
  
A1, A2, A3, H1, H2, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
  
Habit
Clump-Forming
  
Upright/Erect
  
Plant Size
  
  
Plant Color
  
  
Flower Color
White
  
Brown, Yellow
  
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
  
Bicolor
  
Fruit Color
Brown, Sandy Brown
  
Black, Chocolate, Ivory
  
Leaf Color in Spring
Green, Light Green
  
Dark Green, Green
  
Leaf Color in Summer
Green
  
Green
  
Leaf Color in Fall
Green
  
Green
  
Leaf Color in Winter
Light Green
  
Not Available
  
Shape
  
  
Leaf Shape
Compound
  
Oval
  
Thorns
No
  
No
  
Plant Season
Summer, Fall
  
Summer
  
Growing Conditions
  
  
Sunlight
Full Sun
  
Bright direct sunlight
  
Growth Rate
Medium
  
Very Fast
  
Type of Soil
Clay, Loam, Sand
  
Dry, Light, Well drained
  
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
  
Acidic, Alkaline
  
Soil Drainage
Well drained
  
Well drained
  
Bloom Time
Summer
  
Early Fall, Early Summer, Fall, Late Spring, Late Summer, Summer
  
Repeat Bloomer
No
  
No
  
Tolerances
Light Frost, Shade areas, Variety of soil types
  
Not Available
  
Where to Plant?
Ground
  
Container, Ground, Pot
  
How to Plant?
Seedlings
  
Seedlings
  
Plant Maintenance
Low
  
Medium
  
Watering Plants
  
  
Watering Requirements
Medium
  
Keep the ground moist but not water-logged, Requires regular watering, Requires watering in the growing season
  
In Summer
Lots of watering
  
Lots of watering
  
In Spring
Moderate
  
Moderate
  
In Winter
Average Water
  
Average Water
  
Soil
  
  
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
  
Acidic, Alkaline
  
Soil Type
Clay, Loam, Sand
  
Dry, Light, Well drained
  
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
  
Well drained
  
Sun Exposure
Full Sun
  
Bright direct sunlight
  
Pruning
Prune after flowering, Remove dead flowers
  
Prune ocassionally, Requires little pruning
  
Fertilizers
Self-fertile
  
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
  
Pests and Diseases
Leafhoppers, Root Pathogen, Stem rot
  
Alternaria leaf blight, Apical chlorosis, Bacteria wilt, Bacterial leaf spot, Botrytis head rot, Charcoal rot, Crown gall, Downy mildew, Erwinia stalk rot, Fusarium stalk rot, Fusarium wilt, head rot, Phialophora yellows, Stem spot
  
Plant Tolerance
Light Frost, Shade areas, Variety of soil types
  
Drought
  
Flowers
Showy
  
Yes
  
Flower Petal Number
Single
  
Single
  
Fruits
  
  
Showy Fruit
No
  
No
  
Edible Fruit
Yes
  
Yes
  
Fragrance
  
  
Fragrant Flower
Yes
  
Yes
  
Fragrant Fruit
Yes
  
No
  
Fragrant Leaf
Yes
  
No
  
Fragrant Bark/Stem
Yes
  
No
  
Showy Foliage
Yes
  
No
  
Showy Bark
No
  
No
  
Foliage Texture
Fine
  
Coarse
  
Foliage Sheen
Matte
  
Matte
  
Evergreen
No
  
No
  
Invasive
Sometimes
  
No
  
Self-Sowing
Yes
  
Yes
  
Attracts
Bugs
  
Birds, Butterflies
  
Allergy
Not Available
  
Runny nose, Red eyes, Watery eyes, Sore eyes, Itchy eyes
  
Uses
  
  
Aesthetic Uses
Showy Purposes
  
Beautification, Bouquets, Showy Purposes, Used for decorating walls, fences, gates, hedges, etc.
  
Beauty Benefits
Good for skin
  
Not Available
  
Edible Uses
Yes
  
Yes
  
Environmental Uses
Air purification
  
Air purification
  
Plant Benefits
  
  
Medicinal Uses
Appetite enhancer, Bloating, Digestion problems, Digestive, Heartburn, Menstrual Cramps, Stomach spasms
  
Pulmonary afflictions
  
Part of Plant Used
Leaves, Root, Seeds
  
Flowers, Seeds, Stem
  
Other Uses
Medicinal oil, Used As Food, Used in flavouring curries, teas
  
As Fertilizers, Economic Purpose, Oil is used in perfume, soaps, creams, etc., Showy Purposes, Used As Food, Used as Ornamental plant, Used for producing cooking oil
  
Used As Indoor Plant
No
  
Yes
  
Used As Outdoor Plant
Yes
  
Yes
  
Garden Design
Container, Edible, Herb / Vegetable
  
Bedding Plant, Bonsai, Container, Edging, Edible, Feature Plant, Houseplant, Vegetable
  
Botanical Name
CARUM carvi
  
Helianths Annuus
  
Common Name
Caraway, meridian fennel, Persian cumin
  
Sunflower
  
In Hindi
शाहजीरा
  
Sūrajamukhī
  
In German
Kümmel
  
Sonnenblume
  
In French
carvi
  
Tournesol
  
In Spanish
alcaravea
  
Girasol
  
In Greek
κύμινο
  
ηλιοτρόπιο
  
In Portuguese
alcaravia
  
Girassol
  
In Polish
kminek
  
słonecznik
  
In Latin
Caraway
  
Helianthus
  
Kingdom
Plantae
  
Plantae
  
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
  
Magnoliophyta
  
Class
Magnoliopsida
  
Magnoliopsida
  
Order
Apiales
  
Asterales
  
Family
Apiaceae
  
Asteraceae
  
Genus
Carum
  
Heilanthus
  
Clade
Angiosperms, Asterids, Eudicots
  
Not Available
  
Tribe
Not Available
  
Heliantheae
  
Subfamily
Not Available
  
Helianthodeae