Life Span
Perennial
Perennial
Type
Perennial
Broadleaf Evergreen
Origin
-
California
Types
-
Heteromeles arbutifolia
Number of Varieties
-3
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Damp forests, Woodland Garden
Foot Hills, low mountains, Woodlands
USDA Hardiness Zone
3-88-10
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
8-1
-
Sunset Zone
-
21,22
Habit
Rosette/Stemless
Oval or Rounded
Plant Size
Minimum Height
30.00 cm180.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
15.00 cm120.00 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
Yellow, Red, Purple, Orange
White
Flower Color Modifier
-
Bicolor
Fruit Color
-
Red, Orange Red
Leaf Color in Spring
Green
Green, Dark Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Green
Green, Dark Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Green
Green, Dark Green
Leaf Color in Winter
Light Green
Dark Green
Shape
Leaf Shape
Oblong elliptic
Elliptic
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Summer, Fall
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Growth Rate
Medium
Medium
Type of Soil
Loam
Clay, Loam, Sand
The pH of Soil
Neutral
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Drainage
Average
Well drained
Bloom Time
Summer, Late Summer, Early Fall, Fall
Summer
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Drought
Drought, Salt
Where to Plant?
Ground, Pot
Ground
How to Plant?
Divison, Seedlings
Seedlings
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Do not let dry out between waterings, Keep ground moist, Keep the Soil well drained, Requires regular watering
Does not require water in summer, Requires watering in the growing season
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Neutral
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Type
Loam
Clay, Loam, Sand
Soil Drainage Capacity
Average
Well drained
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Pruning
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
-
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, Solid Fertilizers
Pests and Diseases
Dry root rot, Leaf spot
Bacterial Diseases, Root Pathogen
Plant Tolerance
Drought
Drought
Flowers
Showy
Showy
Flower Petal Number
Single
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Coarse
Medium
Foliage Sheen
Matte
Glossy
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Insects
Birds
Allergy
-
Acidic
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Beautification, Borders, Landscape Designing, Showy Purposes
Beautification
Beauty Benefits
-
-
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification, Food for insects, Versatility
Erosion control
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
-
Body Ache, Stomach pain
Part of Plant Used
Flowers, Leaves
Fruits, Leaves
Other Uses
Decoration Purposes, Medicinal oil, Showy Purposes, Used as Ornamental plant, Used for its medicinal properties
Decoration Purposes, Sauces
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Edging, Feature Plant, Groundcover, Mixed Border
Mixed Border, Screening, Wind Break, Topiary, Bonsai, Espalier
Botanical Name
Primula beesiana
HETEROMELES arbutifolia
Common Name
Candelabra Primrose, Primrose
Christmas Berry, California Holly
In Hindi
candelabra primrose
Toyon
In German
Kerzenleuchter Primel
Toyon
In French
candélabre primevère
Toyon
In Spanish
Primula beesiana
Toyon
In Greek
μανουάλια primrose
Toyon
In Portuguese
prímula candelabros
Toyon
In Polish
kandelabry pierwiosnka
Toyon
In Latin
candelabra Primrose
Toyon
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Myrtales
Rosales
Family
Onagraceae
Rosaceae
Genus
Oenothera
Heteromeles
Clade
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Tribe
Onagreae
Maleae
Subfamily
Onagroideae
Amygdaloideae
Number of Species
1456
1
27800
👆🏻