Life Span
Perennial
Biennial
Type
Shrub
Tree
Origin
Eastern Asia, China, Japan, Korea
Mid-Atlantic United States, Southeastern United States, Central United States, South-Central United States
Types
Elaeagnus umbellata
Yellow Birch, Paper Birch, River Birch
Number of Varieties
1540
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Dappled Shade, Hedge, Sunny Edge, Woodland Garden
Hills, Moist Soils
USDA Hardiness Zone
3-84-9
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
8-1
9-1
Sunset Zone
-
1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
Habit
Oval or Rounded
Oval or Rounded
Plant Size
Minimum Height
370.00 cm2,133.60 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
240.00 cm762.00 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
Light Yellow, Silver
Yellow, Brown
Flower Color Modifier
-
Bicolor
Fruit Color
Red
Black
Leaf Color in Spring
Green, Light Green, Gray Green, Silver
Green, Light Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Green, Gray Green, Silver
Green, Light Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Green, Gold, Tan, Silver
Yellow, Light Yellow, Tan
Leaf Color in Winter
-
-
Shape
Leaf Shape
Lance shaped
Pinnate
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Spring, Summer, Fall
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Growth Rate
Fast
Fast
Type of Soil
Clay, Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral
Soil Drainage
Average
Average
Bloom Time
Late Spring, Early Summer
Spring
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Pollution, Drought, Salt
Wet Site, Pollution, Soil Compaction
Where to Plant?
Ground, Pot
Ground
How to Plant?
Seedlings
Seedlings
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Average Water Needs
Requires watering in the growing season, Water daily during growing season, Water Deeply, Water more frequently during periods of extreme drought
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral
Soil Type
Clay, Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam
Soil Drainage Capacity
Average
Average
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Pruning
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
Remove branches, Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves, Remove dead or diseased plant parts, Remove hanging branches
Fertilizers
No fertilizers needed
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, fertilize twice a year, Nitrogen
Pests and Diseases
Leaf spot
Red blotch
Plant Tolerance
Drought
Pollution, Soil Compaction, Wet Site
Flowers
Showy
Showy
Flower Petal Number
Single
-
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Medium
Medium
Foliage Sheen
Matte
Matte
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Birds, Hummingbirds, Butterflies
Ants, Aphids, Birds
Allergy
Mild Allergen
-
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Informal Hedge
-
Beauty Benefits
-
Good for skin
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Fixes Nitrogen
Air purification, Nesting sites for birds, Shadow Tree, Shelter for wildlife, Wildlife
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Astringent, Cancer, Cardiac, Pectoral
Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, Arthritis, Boils, bowel syndrome, Combats Stress, Diarrhea, Dysentry, Heart problems, Kidney Stones, Osteoarthritis, Skin Disorders, Urinary tract problems
Part of Plant Used
Fruits, Seeds
Bark, Leaves, Sap
Other Uses
Jam, Used for making informal hedge
Medicinal oil, Used as essential oil
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Edible, Foundation, Mixed Border, Screening, Wind Break
Feature Plant, Shade Trees
Botanical Name
ELAEAGNUS umbellata
BETULA nigra 'Studetec'
Common Name
Autumn olive, Autumn elaeagnus, Spreading oleaster
Black Birch, River Birch, Tecumseh Compact River Birch
In Hindi
Autumn Olive
काले बर्च वृक्ष
In German
Herbst Olive
Schwarze Birke
In French
Automne Olive
Noir Bouleau
In Spanish
Otoño de oliva
Negro del árbol de abedul
In Greek
φθινόπωρο Ελιά
Μαύρο Birch Tree
In Portuguese
Outono Olive
Bétula Preto
In Polish
Jesień Olive
Czarny Brzoza
In Latin
Autumnus Olive
Niger Caerulus
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Rhamnales
Fagales
Family
Elaeagnaceae
Betulaceae
Genus
Elaeagnus
Betula
Clade
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Tribe
-
-
Subfamily
-
-
Number of Species
5040
1
27800
👆🏻