Life Span
Perennial
  
Perennial
  
Type
Vegetable
  
Tree
  
Origin
Mediterranean
  
Mid-Atlantic United States, Southeastern United States, Central United States, South-Central United States
  
Types
Green Globe, Imperial Star, Tempo, Violetto, Symphony
  
not available
  
Number of Varieties
Not Available
  
Habitat
Sandy areas
  
bottomlands, Depression on prairies, ditches, Floodplains, Riverbanks, stream banks, Swamps
  
USDA Hardiness Zone
7-10
  
4-9
  
AHS Heat Zone
9-1
  
9-1
  
Sunset Zone
8, 9, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
  
1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
  
Habit
Rosette/Stemless
  
Oval or Rounded
  
Plant Size
  
  
Minimum Height
1,220.00 cm
  
33
Minimum Width
1,220.00 cm
  
14
Plant Color
  
  
Flower Color
Purple
  
Yellow, Brown
  
Flower Color Modifier
Not Available
  
Bicolor
  
Fruit Color
Not Available
  
Black
  
Leaf Color in Spring
Gray Green, Silver
  
Green, Light Green
  
Leaf Color in Summer
Gray Green, Silver
  
Green, Light Green
  
Leaf Color in Fall
Gray Green, Silver
  
Yellow, Light Yellow, Tan
  
Leaf Color in Winter
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Shape
  
  
Leaf Shape
Glandular
  
Oval with a pointed tip and fine teeth along their edges
  
Thorns
Yes
  
No
  
Plant Season
Spring
  
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
  
Growing Conditions
  
  
Sunlight
Partial shade
  
Full Sun, Partial Sun
  
Growth Rate
Fast
  
Fast
  
Type of Soil
Well drained
  
Clay, Loam, Sand
  
The pH of Soil
Slightly Acidic
  
Acidic, Neutral
  
Soil Drainage
Well drained
  
Average
  
Bloom Time
Early Fall, Fall
  
Spring
  
Repeat Bloomer
No
  
No
  
Tolerances
Drought
  
Wet Site, Pollution, Soil Compaction
  
Where to Plant?
Ground
  
Ground
  
How to Plant?
Seedlings, Transplanting
  
Seedlings
  
Plant Maintenance
Medium
  
Low
  
Watering Plants
  
  
Watering Requirements
Form a Soil ring to water efficiently, Needs watering once a week, Water twice a day in the initial period
  
Requires a lot of watering, Requires regular watering
  
In Summer
Lots of watering
  
Lots of watering
  
In Spring
Moderate
  
Moderate
  
In Winter
Average Water
  
Average Water
  
Soil
  
  
Soil pH
Slightly Acidic
  
Acidic, Neutral
  
Soil Type
Well drained
  
Clay, Loam, Sand
  
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
  
Average
  
Sun Exposure
Partial shade
  
Full Sun, Partial Sun
  
Pruning
No pruning needed in the early stages, Prune after flowering, Remove deadheads
  
Prune in the late winter or spring, Remove dead or diseased plant parts, Shape and thin as needed
  
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
  
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, No need to fertilize every year
  
Pests and Diseases
Aphids, Gray mold, Powdery mildew, Root rot
  
Aphids, Red blotch, Sawfly Larvae
  
Plant Tolerance
Drought
  
Pollution, Soil Compaction, Wet Site
  
Flowers
Yes
  
Showy
  
Flower Petal Number
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Fruits
  
  
Showy Fruit
No
  
No
  
Edible Fruit
No
  
No
  
Fragrance
  
  
Fragrant Flower
No
  
No
  
Fragrant Fruit
No
  
No
  
Fragrant Leaf
Not Available
  
No
  
Fragrant Bark/Stem
No
  
No
  
Showy Foliage
Yes
  
Yes
  
Showy Bark
No
  
Yes
  
Foliage Texture
Coarse
  
Medium
  
Foliage Sheen
Matte
  
Matte
  
Evergreen
No
  
No
  
Invasive
No
  
No
  
Self-Sowing
Yes
  
No
  
Attracts
Butterflies
  
Not Available
  
Allergy
Intestinal gas
  
Asthma
  
Uses
  
  
Aesthetic Uses
Not Used For Aesthetic Purpose
  
Showy Purposes
  
Beauty Benefits
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Edible Uses
Yes
  
No
  
Environmental Uses
Air purification
  
Erosion control, Wildlife
  
Plant Benefits
  
  
Medicinal Uses
Anemia, High cholestrol, Kidney problems, Liver problems
  
No Medicinal Use
  
Part of Plant Used
Flowers, Fruits
  
Whole plant
  
Other Uses
Can be made into a herbal tea, Used as primary flavor in Italian Liqours
  
used for making roof trusses, poles, joists, piles, Used in construction, Used in Furniture
  
Used As Indoor Plant
No
  
No
  
Used As Outdoor Plant
Yes
  
Yes
  
Garden Design
Not Available
  
Feature Plant, Shade Trees
  
Botanical Name
Cynara cardunculus
  
BETULA nigra
  
Common Name
Artichoke
  
River Birch
  
In Hindi
Artichoke
  
River Birch
  
In German
Artischocke
  
Fluss Birch
  
In French
Artichaut
  
Birch river
  
In Spanish
Alcachofa
  
river Birch
  
In Greek
αγκινάρα
  
ποταμός Birch
  
In Portuguese
Alcachofra
  
river Birch
  
In Polish
Karczoch
  
Rzeka Birch
  
In Latin
cactus
  
Betula
  
Kingdom
Plantae
  
Plantae
  
Phylum
Anthophyta
  
Magnoliophyta
  
Class
Eudicotyledones
  
Magnoliopsida
  
Order
Asterales
  
Fagales
  
Family
Asteraceae
  
Betulaceae
  
Genus
Cynara
  
Betula
  
Clade
Not Available
  
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
  
Tribe
Cynareae
  
Not Available
  
Subfamily
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Number of Species
Not Available
  
Not Available