Life Span
Perennial
Biennial
Type
Tree
Tree
Origin
Africa, South-Eastern Asia
Mid-Atlantic United States, Southeastern United States, Central United States, South-Central United States
Types
Terminalia arjuna
Yellow Birch, Paper Birch, River Birch
Number of Varieties
140
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Subtropical forests, Tropical regions
Hills, Moist Soils
USDA Hardiness Zone
5-94-9
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
9 - 5
9-1
Sunset Zone
1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 18, 19, 20, 21
1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
Habit
Clump-Forming
Oval or Rounded
Plant Size
Minimum Height
300.00 cm2,133.60 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
45.70 cm762.00 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
Pale Yellow, Yellow green
Yellow, Brown
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
Bicolor
Fruit Color
Green, Light Green
Black
Leaf Color in Spring
Green
Green, Light Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Light Green
Green, Light Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Green, Light Green
Yellow, Light Yellow, Tan
Leaf Color in Winter
Brown, Light Yellow, Tan
-
Shape
Leaf Shape
Oval
Pinnate
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Summer, Fall, Winter
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Growth Rate
Medium
Fast
Type of Soil
Clay, Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral
Soil Drainage
Average
Average
Bloom Time
Summer, Late Summer, Early Fall
Spring
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Pollution, Drought, Salt
Wet Site, Pollution, Soil Compaction
Where to Plant?
Ground
Ground
How to Plant?
Seedlings, Stem Cutting
Seedlings
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Needs less watering
Requires watering in the growing season, Water daily during growing season, Water Deeply, Water more frequently during periods of extreme drought
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral
Soil Type
Clay, Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam
Soil Drainage Capacity
Average
Average
Sun Exposure
Full Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Pruning
A hard prune may be necessary if the plant becomes woody, Cut upper 1/3 section when young to enhancegrowth, Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
Remove branches, Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves, Remove dead or diseased plant parts, Remove hanging branches
Fertilizers
10-10-10 diluted liquid fertilizer, All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, Compost
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, fertilize twice a year, Nitrogen
Pests and Diseases
Aphids, Downy mildew, Purple Blotch, Red blotch
Red blotch
Plant Tolerance
Drought, Salt and Soil Compaction, Shade areas
Pollution, Soil Compaction, Wet Site
Flowers
Showy
Showy
Flower Petal Number
Single
-
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Fine
Medium
Foliage Sheen
Glossy
Matte
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Bees, Flies, pollinators
Ants, Aphids, Birds
Allergy
conjunctivitis, sneezing
-
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
-
-
Beauty Benefits
Making cosmetics
Good for skin
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification, Shadow Tree, Soil protection
Air purification, Nesting sites for birds, Shadow Tree, Shelter for wildlife, Wildlife
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Cardiovascular problems, Detoxifies lever, Diabetes, Dysentry, Jaundice, Menstrual Disorders
Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, Arthritis, Boils, bowel syndrome, Combats Stress, Diarrhea, Dysentry, Heart problems, Kidney Stones, Osteoarthritis, Skin Disorders, Urinary tract problems
Part of Plant Used
Inner Bark, Leaf Stalks
Bark, Leaves, Sap
Other Uses
Can be made into a herbal tea, Oil is used for aromatherapy, Used as a fodder tree in agricultural areas
Medicinal oil, Used as essential oil
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Dried Flower/Everlasting, Lawns and Turf, Mixed Border, Wildflower
Feature Plant, Shade Trees
Botanical Name
Terminalia arjuna
BETULA nigra 'Studetec'
Common Name
Arjuna
Black Birch, River Birch, Tecumseh Compact River Birch
In Hindi
अर्जुन वृक्ष
काले बर्च वृक्ष
In German
Terminalia arjuna
Schwarze Birke
In French
Terminalia arjuna
Noir Bouleau
In Spanish
Migdałecznik arjuna
Negro del árbol de abedul
In Greek
arjuna
Μαύρο Birch Tree
In Portuguese
Migdałecznik arjuna
Bétula Preto
In Polish
Migdałecznik arjuna
Czarny Brzoza
In Latin
arjuna
Niger Caerulus
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
-
Magnoliopsida
Order
Myrtales
Fagales
Family
Poaceae
Betulaceae
Genus
Terminilia
Betula
Clade
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Tribe
-
-
Subfamily
-
-
Number of Species
10040
1
27800
👆🏻