Life Span
Perennial
Perennial
Type
Broadleaf Evergreen
Tree
Origin
California
Western United States, Northwestern United States, California, Canada
Types
Heteromeles arbutifolia
Black Maple, Mountain Maple,
Norway Maple
Number of Varieties
31
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Foot Hills, low mountains, Woodlands
Riverbanks, Stream side
USDA Hardiness Zone
8-105-9
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
-
9-4
Sunset Zone
21,22
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17
Habit
Oval or Rounded
Oval or Rounded
Plant Size
Minimum Height
180.00 cm3,048.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
120.00 cm120.00 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
White
Yellow, Red, Green
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
Bicolor
Fruit Color
Red, Orange Red
Yellow, Red, Green, Sandy Brown
Leaf Color in Spring
Green, Dark Green
Light Green, Yellow green
Leaf Color in Summer
Green, Dark Green
Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Green, Dark Green
Gold
Leaf Color in Winter
Dark Green
-
Shape
Leaf Shape
Elliptic
Irregular
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Spring, Summer, Fall
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Partial Sun, Partial shade
Growth Rate
Medium
Fast
Type of Soil
Clay, Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam, Sand
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Drainage
Well drained
Average
Bloom Time
Summer
Early Spring, Spring
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Drought, Salt
-
Where to Plant?
Ground
Ground
How to Plant?
Seedlings
Seedlings
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Does not require water in summer, Requires watering in the growing season
Do not let dry out between waterings, Keep ground moist, Requires regular watering
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Type
Clay, Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam, Sand
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
Average
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Partial Sun, Partial shade
Pruning
-
Remove branches, Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves, Remove dead or diseased plant parts
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, Solid Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, Nitrogen
Pests and Diseases
Bacterial Diseases, Root Pathogen
Red blotch
Plant Tolerance
Drought
-
Flowers
✔
✘
✔
✘
Flower Petal Number
Single
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Medium
Coarse
Foliage Sheen
Glossy
Matte
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Birds
Bees, Birds, Flying insects, Insects
Allergy
Acidic
Pollen
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Beautification
-
Beauty Benefits
-
Improve hair condition
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Erosion control
Air purification, Nesting sites for birds, Shadow Tree, Wildlife
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Body Ache, Stomach pain
Tonic, tuberculosis
Part of Plant Used
Fruits, Leaves
Flowers, Sap, Tree trunks
Other Uses
Decoration Purposes, Sauces
Application in Furniture, Basketary, Can be made into a herbal tea, Decorative veneers, flooring, paneling, Edible syrup, Fibre, Making piano frames, Used as firewood, Used as fuel, Used in salads
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Mixed Border, Screening, Wind Break, Topiary, Bonsai, Espalier
Feature Plant, Shade Trees
Botanical Name
HETEROMELES arbutifolia
ACER macrophyllum
Common Name
Christmas Berry, California Holly
Big-leaf Maple, Oregon Maple, Pacific Maple
In Hindi
Toyon
बड़ा पत्ता मेपल के पेड़
In German
Toyon
Big Blatt Ahornbaum
In French
Toyon
Grande feuille Érable
In Spanish
Toyon
Gran hoja del árbol de arce
In Greek
Toyon
δέντρο Maple μεγάλο φύλλο
In Portuguese
Toyon
Árvore de bordo Folha grande
In Polish
Toyon
Duży liść klonowy
In Latin
Toyon
Big Maple folia ligni
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Rosales
Sapindales
Family
Rosaceae
Aceraceae
Genus
Heteromeles
Acer
Clade
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Tribe
Maleae
-
Subfamily
Amygdaloideae
-
Number of Species
621
1
27800
👆🏻