Life Span
Perennial
Perennial
Type
Shrub
Broadleaf Evergreen, Vines
Origin
Europe, Western Asia
India, Indonesia, Southeast Asia, Southern Asia
Types
Euonymus fortunei, Euonymus alatus, Euonymus europaeus
Red pepper, Orange pepper
Number of Varieties
207
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Dappled Shade, Shady Edge, Sunny Edge, Woodland Garden
Moist Soils, orchards, Temperate Regions
USDA Hardiness Zone
4-78-15
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
7-1
12 - 1
Sunset Zone
1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 14, 15, 16
H1, H2, 8, 9, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
Habit
Upright/Erect
Clump-Forming
Plant Size
Minimum Height
370.00 cm180.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
900.00 cm60.00 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
Yellow green
Lemon yellow
Flower Color Modifier
-
Bicolor
Fruit Color
Pink, Purple, Red
Red, Green, Light Green
Leaf Color in Spring
Green
Light Green, Dark Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Green
Light Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Red
Light Green, Dark Green
Leaf Color in Winter
-
Light Green, Dark Green
Shape
Leaf Shape
Lanceolate to elliptical
Circular cordate
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Fall
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Growth Rate
Fast
Fast
Type of Soil
Clay, Loam, Sand
Loam, Sand
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Drainage
Well drained
Average
Bloom Time
Late Spring
-
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Drought
Drought
Where to Plant?
Ground, Pot
Container, Ground
How to Plant?
Cuttings, Seedlings
Seedlings, Stem Planting, Vegetative Reproduction
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Average Water Needs, Do Not over Water
Do Not over Water, Sprinkle water over foliage, Water every two or three days during warmer months
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Type
Clay, Loam, Sand
Loam, Sand
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
Average
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Pruning
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
A hard prune may be necessary if the plant becomes woody, Remove dead branches, Trim each shoot back to the first set of leaves
Fertilizers
organic fertlizers
10-10-10 diluted liquid fertilizer, All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, Do not let fertilizers touch the leaves
Pests and Diseases
Powdery mildew, Vine weevils
Aphids, Beetles, Root rot, Rust, Scab
Plant Tolerance
Drought
Heat Tolerance, Humidity, Salt and Soil Compaction
Flowers
Insignificant
-
Flower Petal Number
Single
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Medium
Medium
Foliage Sheen
Glossy
Matte
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Birds
Aphids, Leafminer, Snails, Squirrels
Allergy
Mild Allergen
Oral Allergy
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Showy Purposes
Beautification, Cottage Garden, Decorating walls
Beauty Benefits
-
Acne, Blackheads
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification
Fixes Nitrogen, Insect Repellent
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Alterative, Laxative, Purgative, Tonic
Acid Reflux, Dysentry, Healthy teeth, Inflammation, Oral health
Part of Plant Used
Bark, Seeds, Wood
Dried seeds
Other Uses
Edible yellow dye is obtained, Used as essential oil, Yields a volatile oil that is used in soap making
Culinary use, Oil is used for aromatherapy, Used in herbal medicines
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Hedges, Screening, Wind Break
Container, Feature Plant, Hedges, Screening / Wind Break, Tropical
Botanical Name
EUONYMUS europaeus 'Aldenhamensis'
Piper nigrum
Common Name
Spindle Tree, Common Spindle, European Spindle
Peppercorn, Piper, Black pepper
In Hindi
Spindle Tree
काली मिर्च
In German
Spindelbaum
Pfeffer
In French
Spindle Arbre
Piper nigrum
In Spanish
Árbol del husillo
Poivrier noir
In Greek
ατράκτου Δέντρο
μαύρο πιπέρι
In Portuguese
Árvore spindle
Pimenta-preta
In Polish
Wrzeciono Drzewo
Pieprz czarny
In Latin
Ligno colos
nigrum piperis
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Celastrales
Piperales
Family
Celastraceae
Piperaceae
Genus
Euonymus
Piper
Clade
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Angiosperms, Monocots
Tribe
Euonymeae
-
Subfamily
Celastroideae
-
Number of Species
1501100
1
27800
👆🏻