Life Span
Perennial
Perennial
Type
Perennial
Bulb or Corm or Tuber
Origin
Europe, Russia
North America, Europe, Africa, Asia
Types
Primula elatior
-
Number of Varieties
11
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Roadsides, sand dunes, Waste areas
Alpine Meadows, meadows, Mountains, stream banks
USDA Hardiness Zone
4-74-8
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
7-1
8-1
Sunset Zone
A1, A2, A3, H1, H2, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
21,22
Habit
Rosette/Stemless
Upright/Erect
Plant Size
Minimum Height
30.00 cm91.40 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
25.00 cm25.40 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
Light Yellow
Crimson, Pink, Red, Yellow
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
Bicolor
Fruit Color
Tan
-
Leaf Color in Spring
Green
Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Green
Light Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Green
Several shades of Green
Leaf Color in Winter
Light Green
Light Green
Shape
Leaf Shape
Oblong
Oval
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Summer
Spring, Summer, Fall
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Growth Rate
Medium
Medium
Type of Soil
Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam, Sand
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Drainage
Well drained
Well drained
Bloom Time
Early Summer, Summer, Late Summer
Early Summer, Summer
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Drought
Salt and Soil Compaction, Shade areas, Shallow soil
Where to Plant?
Container, Ground, Pot
Container, Ground
How to Plant?
Divison, Seedlings, Stem Planting
Cuttings, From bulbs
Plant Maintenance
Low
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Average Water Needs, Do Not over Water, Never Over-water, Requires regular watering, Water more in summer
Keep the Soil well drained, occasional watering once established
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Type
Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam, Sand
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
Well drained
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Pruning
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves, Remove dead or diseased plant parts
Cut off the flower stalks at the base of the plant, Prune after flowering, Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, fertilize in growing season
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, Compost, Organic Flower Fertilizer
Pests and Diseases
Slugs, Snails
Aphids, Bacteria wilt, Pink Root, Red blotch, Root rot
Plant Tolerance
Variety of soil types
Shallow soil, Soil Compaction
Flowers
✔
✘
✔
✘
Flower Petal Number
Single
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Fine
Coarse
Foliage Sheen
Matte
Glossy
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Insects
Butterflies, Hummingbirds
Allergy
Abdominal pain, Constipation, Diarrhea, Skin irritation
Red eyes, Vomiting, wheezing
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Beautification, Borders, Landscape Designing, Showy Purposes
Beautification, Cottage Garden
Beauty Benefits
Good for skin, Making cosmetics, Stops hair loss
Good Cleanser, Good for the Scalp
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification, Food for insects, Versatility
Air purification, Provides ground cover
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Eczema
Antibacterial, Antifungal, Anti-oxidant, Eczema, hemorrhoids
Part of Plant Used
Root
Leaf Stalks, Stem
Other Uses
Decoration Purposes, Medicinal oil, Showy Purposes, Used as Ornamental plant, Used for its medicinal properties
Decoration Purposes, Showy Purposes
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Edging, Feature Plant, Groundcover, Mixed Border
Container, Cutflower, Mixed Border
Botanical Name
Primula elatior
Spigelia marilandica
Common Name
Oxlip, true oxlip
Woodland pinkroot, Indian pink
In Hindi
Oxlip
pinkroot
In German
Hohe Schlüsselblume
Spigelia
In French
La Primevère élevée ou Primevère des bois
Spigelia
In Spanish
Primula elatior
Spigelia
In Greek
δακράκι
Spigelia
In Portuguese
Oxlip
Spigelia
In Polish
Oxlip
Spigelia
In Latin
Oxlip
Spigelia
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Myrtales
Gentianales
Family
Onagraceae
Loganiceae
Genus
Oenothera
Spigelia
Clade
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Angiosperms, Asterids, Eudicots
Tribe
Onagreae
-
Subfamily
Onagroideae
-
Number of Species
14560
1
27800
👆🏻