Life Span
Perennial
Perennial
Type
Perennial
Herbs
Origin
Europe, Russia
Southern Europe
Types
Primula elatior
Melissa officinalis
Number of Varieties
15
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Roadsides, sand dunes, Waste areas
Dappled Shade, Mediterranean region, Shady Edge, Woodland Garden
USDA Hardiness Zone
4-74-9
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
7-1
12-1
Sunset Zone
A1, A2, A3, H1, H2, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
Habit
Rosette/Stemless
Clump-Forming
Plant Size
Minimum Height
30.00 cm30.50 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
25.00 cm45.70 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
Light Yellow
White, Light Pink
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
Bicolor
Fruit Color
Tan
Brown
Leaf Color in Spring
Green
Green, Light Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Green
Green, Light Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Green
Green, Light Green
Leaf Color in Winter
Light Green
Light Green
Shape
Leaf Shape
Oblong
Ovate
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Summer
Spring, Summer, Fall
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Growth Rate
Medium
Fast
Type of Soil
Loam, Sand
Loam, Sand
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Neutral
Soil Drainage
Well drained
Well drained
Bloom Time
Early Summer, Summer, Late Summer
Late Spring, Early Summer, Summer
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Drought
Deer resistant, Drought
Where to Plant?
Container, Ground, Pot
Ground, Pot
How to Plant?
Divison, Seedlings, Stem Planting
Cuttings, Seedlings
Plant Maintenance
Low
Low
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Average Water Needs, Do Not over Water, Never Over-water, Requires regular watering, Water more in summer
Medium
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Neutral
Soil Type
Loam, Sand
Loam, Sand
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
Well drained
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Pruning
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves, Remove dead or diseased plant parts
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead flowers, Remove dead leaves
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, fertilize in growing season
Nitrogen, Potassium
Pests and Diseases
Slugs, Snails
Gray leaf blight, Gray mold, Leaf spot, Powdery mildew
Plant Tolerance
Variety of soil types
Deer resistant, Drought
Flowers
✔
✘
✔
✘
Flower Petal Number
Single
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Fine
Medium
Foliage Sheen
Matte
Matte
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Insects
Bees
Allergy
Abdominal pain, Constipation, Diarrhea, Skin irritation
Avoid during Pregnancy, Skin irritation
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Beautification, Borders, Landscape Designing, Showy Purposes
Beautification, Cottage Garden
Beauty Benefits
Good for skin, Making cosmetics, Stops hair loss
Good for skin, Skin Problems
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification, Food for insects, Versatility
Deer resistant, Insect Repellent
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Eczema
Antiemetic, Anxiety, Appetite enhancer, Digestion problems, Insomnia, Sedative
Part of Plant Used
Root
Flowers, Leaves
Other Uses
Decoration Purposes, Medicinal oil, Showy Purposes, Used as Ornamental plant, Used for its medicinal properties
Can be made into a herbal tea, Medicinal oil, Used as insect repellent, Used for its medicinal properties, Used in herbal medicines
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Edging, Feature Plant, Groundcover, Mixed Border
Container, Edible, Herb / Vegetable
Botanical Name
Primula elatior
MELISSA officinalis
Common Name
Oxlip, true oxlip
Lemonbalm, balm, common balm, balm mint
In Hindi
Oxlip
नींबू बाम
In German
Hohe Schlüsselblume
Lemonbalm
In French
La Primevère élevée ou Primevère des bois
mélisse
In Spanish
Primula elatior
Lemonbalm
In Greek
δακράκι
Lemonbalm
In Portuguese
Oxlip
Lemonbalm
In Polish
Oxlip
Lemonbalm
In Latin
Oxlip
CITRAGO
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Myrtales
Lamiales
Family
Onagraceae
Lamiaceae
Genus
Oenothera
Melissa
Clade
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Angiosperms, Asterids, Eudicots
Tribe
Onagreae
-
Subfamily
Onagroideae
Nepetoideae
Number of Species
1454
1
27800
👆🏻