Life Span
Perennial
Annual
Type
Perennial
Vegetable
Origin
Europe, Russia
Europe
Types
Primula elatior
-
Number of Varieties
15
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Roadsides, sand dunes, Waste areas
agricultural areas, Moist Soils
USDA Hardiness Zone
4-74-10
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
7-1
9-3
Sunset Zone
A1, A2, A3, H1, H2, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
A1, A2, A3, H1, H2, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
Habit
Rosette/Stemless
Upright/Erect
Plant Size
Minimum Height
30.00 cm15.20 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
25.00 cm15.70 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
Light Yellow
Yellow
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
Bicolor
Fruit Color
Tan
Sienna, Black
Leaf Color in Spring
Green
Green, Light Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Green
White, Green, Dark Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Green
White, Green, Dark Green
Leaf Color in Winter
Light Green
White, Green, Dark Green
Shape
Leaf Shape
Oblong
Oval
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Summer
Spring, Fall, Winter
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Growth Rate
Medium
Fast
Type of Soil
Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam, Sand
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral
Soil Drainage
Well drained
Well drained
Bloom Time
Early Summer, Summer, Late Summer
Spring, Summer
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Drought
Drought
Where to Plant?
Container, Ground, Pot
Container, Ground
How to Plant?
Divison, Seedlings, Stem Planting
Seedlings
Plant Maintenance
Low
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Average Water Needs, Do Not over Water, Never Over-water, Requires regular watering, Water more in summer
Allow to dry out slightly between watering, Do not water the foliage, Keep the Soil well drained
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral
Soil Type
Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam, Sand
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
Well drained
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Pruning
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves, Remove dead or diseased plant parts
Remove dead or diseased plant parts
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, fertilize in growing season
8-8-8, since leafy plants, use higher nitrogen content fertilizer
Pests and Diseases
Slugs, Snails
Aphids, Beetles, Cabbage looper, Downy mildew, Fusarium leaf spot, Rust
Plant Tolerance
Variety of soil types
Full Sun, Humidity, Shallow soil
Flowers
✔
✘
✔
✘
Flower Petal Number
Single
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Fine
Medium
Foliage Sheen
Matte
-
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Insects
Caterpillar, Mites
Allergy
Abdominal pain, Constipation, Diarrhea, Skin irritation
Diarrhea, Dizziness, Nausea
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Beautification, Borders, Landscape Designing, Showy Purposes
-
Beauty Benefits
Good for skin, Making cosmetics, Stops hair loss
Anti-ageing, Hair Conditioner, Skin cleanser
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification, Food for insects, Versatility
Fixes Nitrogen, Food for animals
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Eczema
Aging, Anti-oxidant, Digestion problems, Eliminate toxins, Nutritive, Obesity, Rich in Potassium
Part of Plant Used
Root
Leaf Stalks, Leaves
Other Uses
Decoration Purposes, Medicinal oil, Showy Purposes, Used as Ornamental plant, Used for its medicinal properties
Culinary use, Sauces, Used to promote healthy blood flow during menstruation
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Edging, Feature Plant, Groundcover, Mixed Border
Container, Edible, Herb / Vegetable, Wildflower
Botanical Name
Primula elatior
BRASSICA rapa( Chinensis Group)
Common Name
Oxlip, true oxlip
Bok Choy, Chinese Cabbage, Choy Sum, Pak Choi
In Hindi
Oxlip
choy sum
In German
Hohe Schlüsselblume
choy sum
In French
La Primevère élevée ou Primevère des bois
choy sum
In Spanish
Primula elatior
choy sum
In Greek
δακράκι
choy sum
In Portuguese
Oxlip
choy sum
In Polish
Oxlip
choy sum
In Latin
Oxlip
choy sum
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Myrtales
Capparales
Family
Onagraceae
Brassicaceae
Genus
Oenothera
Brassica
Clade
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Angiosperms, Monocots
Tribe
Onagreae
-
Subfamily
Onagroideae
-
Number of Species
14518
1
27800
👆🏻