Life Span
Perennial
Annual and Perennial
Type
Perennial
Perennial
Origin
Europe, Russia
Southern Europe, Mediterranean, Northern Africa
Types
Primula elatior
Aegopodium podagraria
Number of Varieties
110
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Roadsides, sand dunes, Waste areas
Cultivated Beds, Loamy soils, Sandy areas, Well Drained
USDA Hardiness Zone
4-78-15
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
7-1
9 - 1
Sunset Zone
A1, A2, A3, H1, H2, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
A1, A2, A3, H1, H2, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
Habit
Rosette/Stemless
Upright/Erect
Plant Size
Minimum Height
30.00 cm90.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
25.00 cm30.00 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
Light Yellow
White
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
Bicolor
Fruit Color
Tan
Sandy Brown
Leaf Color in Spring
Green
Green, Light Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Green
Green, Light Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Green
Green, Light Green
Leaf Color in Winter
Light Green
Light Green
Shape
Leaf Shape
Oblong
Small oblong
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Summer
Spring, Summer, Fall
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Growth Rate
Medium
Very Fast
Type of Soil
Loam, Sand
Loam, Sand
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Neutral
Soil Drainage
Well drained
Well drained
Bloom Time
Early Summer, Summer, Late Summer
Early Summer, Summer, Late Summer, Early Fall, Indeterminate
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Drought
Drought
Where to Plant?
Container, Ground, Pot
Ground
How to Plant?
Divison, Seedlings, Stem Planting
Rooted stem cutting, Seedlings
Plant Maintenance
Low
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Average Water Needs, Do Not over Water, Never Over-water, Requires regular watering, Water more in summer
Do Not over Water, Water daily during growing season, Water Deeply, Water in morning to avoid prompting diseases
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral
Soil Type
Loam, Sand
Loam, Sand, Well drained
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
Rich
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial shade
Pruning
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves, Remove dead or diseased plant parts
Prune after flowering
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, fertilize in growing season
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, fertilize in growing season, Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Potassium
Pests and Diseases
Slugs, Snails
Red blotch
Plant Tolerance
Variety of soil types
Drought
Flowers
✔
✘
✔
✘
Flower Petal Number
Single
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Fine
Fine
Foliage Sheen
Matte
Matte
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Insects
Butterflies
Allergy
Abdominal pain, Constipation, Diarrhea, Skin irritation
Headache, Hyperacidity, Liver disease, Nausea, Skin irritation, Vomiting
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Beautification, Borders, Landscape Designing, Showy Purposes
Showy Purposes
Beauty Benefits
Good for skin, Making cosmetics, Stops hair loss
-
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification, Food for insects, Versatility
Air purification, Weather protection
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Eczema
Asthma, Digestive disorders, Psoriasis, Reduces toothache, Vitiligo
Part of Plant Used
Root
Root, Seeds
Other Uses
Decoration Purposes, Medicinal oil, Showy Purposes, Used as Ornamental plant, Used for its medicinal properties
Edible syrup, Used As Food, Used for its medicinal properties
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Edging, Feature Plant, Groundcover, Mixed Border
Groundcover, Lawns and Turf, Mixed Border
Botanical Name
Primula elatior
AMMI majus
Common Name
Oxlip, true oxlip
Bishop's Weed, Bullwort
In Hindi
Oxlip
बिशप निराना
In German
Hohe Schlüsselblume
Bischofs Unkraut
In French
La Primevère élevée ou Primevère des bois
la mauvaise herbe de l'évêque
In Spanish
Primula elatior
biznaga
In Greek
δακράκι
ζιζανίων επισκόπου
In Portuguese
Oxlip
erva daninha do Bispo
In Polish
Oxlip
chwastów biskupa
In Latin
Oxlip
Episcopi viriditas
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Myrtales
Apiales
Family
Onagraceae
Apiaceae
Genus
Oenothera
Trachyspermum
Clade
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Angiosperms, Asterids, Eudicots
Tribe
Onagreae
-
Subfamily
Onagroideae
-
Number of Species
14575
1
27800
👆🏻