Life Span
Perennial
Perennial
Type
Perennial
Flowering Plants, Shrubs, Vegetable
Origin
North America, United States, Northeastern United States, Mid-Atlantic United States, Southeastern United States, South-Central United States, Texas, Canada
Mediterranean
Types
-
Belgian Endive, Red Belgian Endive, Curly Endive (a.k.a. Frisee), Escarole, Radicchio (Chioggia) and Radicchio (Chioggia)
Number of Varieties
210
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Mixed deciduous forest, shaded fields, shaded moist road banks, shaded riverbanks
Grassland, Mediterranean region, Wild
USDA Hardiness Zone
3-93-9
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
9-2
9-1
Sunset Zone
1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7
A1, A2, A3, H1, H2, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
Habit
Clump-Forming
Clump-Forming
Plant Size
Minimum Height
30.50 cm3.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
30.00 cm1.50 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
White, Light Pink
Blue
Flower Color Modifier
-
-
Fruit Color
Yellow
Brown
Leaf Color in Spring
Green
Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Green
Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Green
Green
Leaf Color in Winter
Light Green
Green
Shape
Leaf Shape
Palmate
Oblong
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Spring, Summer, Fall
Summer
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Partial shade, Full Shade
Full Sun, Part sun
Growth Rate
Medium
Medium
Type of Soil
Clay, Loam
Loamy, Sandy
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral
Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral
Soil Drainage
Average
Well drained
Bloom Time
Early Spring, Spring
Summer
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Drought
-
Where to Plant?
Ground, Pot
Ground
How to Plant?
Root Division, Seedlings
Seedlings
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Do Not over Water, Requires regular watering
Keep the ground moist but not water-logged, Prefer drip-irrigation instead of Over-head watering, Requires regular watering, Requires watering in the growing season
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral
Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral
Soil Type
Clay, Loam
Loamy, Sandy
Soil Drainage Capacity
Average
Well drained
Sun Exposure
Partial shade, Full Shade
Full Sun, Part sun
Pruning
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
Cut or pinch the stems, Prune prior to new growth, Prune to stimulate growth, Remove dead or diseased plant parts, Remove deadheads
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
Pests and Diseases
Pest Free, Red blotch
Aphids, Loopers, Root rot, Viruses, Worms
Plant Tolerance
Drought
Drought
Flowers
✔
✘
✔
✘
Flower Petal Number
Single
-
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Coarse
Medium
Foliage Sheen
Glossy
Matte
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
-
Butterflies
Allergy
Toxic
-
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Showy Purposes
-
Beauty Benefits
-
-
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification
Air purification
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
antihelmintic, cathartic, Emetic, malignant neoplasms, Stomach pain
Cancer, Digestive disorders, Inflammation, Liver problems, Stomach pain
Part of Plant Used
Rhizomes, Root
Leaves, Root
Other Uses
Used as Ornamental plant, Used for its medicinal properties
Used as an ingredient in coffee
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Edible, Feature Plant, Groundcover, Wildflower
-
Botanical Name
PODOPHYLLUM peltatum
Cichorium intybus
Common Name
American Mandrake, Mayapple
Blue daisy, blue dandelion, blue sailors, blue weed, bunk, coffeeweed, cornflower, hendibeh, horseweed, ragged sailors, succory, wild bachelor's buttons, and wild endive
In Hindi
अमेरिकी विषैला पौधा
कासनी
In German
amerikanisch Alraune
Chicoree
In French
mandrake américain
chicorée
In Spanish
mandrágora americana
achicoria
In Greek
american μανδραγόρα
ραδίκι
In Portuguese
mandrake americano
chicória
In Polish
amerykański mandragory
cykoria
In Latin
Latin mandragoras
pancratium
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Ranunculales
Asterales
Family
Berberidaceae
Asteraceae
Genus
Podophyllum
Cichorium
Clade
Angiosperms, Eudicots
Angiosperms, Asterids, Eudicots
Tribe
-
Cichorieae
Subfamily
-
Cichorioideae
Number of Species
285
1
27800
👆🏻