1 What is
1.1 Life Span
1.2 Type
1.3 Origin
Northeastern United States, Mid-Atlantic United States, North-Central United States, Central United States, Canada
Central Asia, Southern Asia, Western Ghats, India
1.4 Types
Not available
congesta, paucinervia
1.4.1 Number of Varieties
1.5 Habitat
Cliffs, Forests, Rocky areas, Slopes
Fertile bottom land, moist forests, Temperate Regions, Tropical Forests
1.6 USDA Hardiness Zone
1.7 AHS Heat Zone
1.8 Sunset Zone
Not Available
Not Available
1.9 Habit
Clump-Forming
Upright/Erect
2 Information
2.1 Plant Size
2.1.1 Minimum Height
30.50 cm120.00 cm
0.54
3900
2.1.2 Minimum Width
90.50 cm120.00 cm
0.1
6350
2.2 Plant Color
2.2.1 Flower Color
Non Flowering Plant
Pale White, White
2.2.2 Flower Color Modifier
2.2.3 Fruit Color
Non Fruiting Plant
Purple, Black
2.2.4 Leaf Color in Spring
Light Green, Gray Green
Green
2.2.5 Leaf Color in Summer
Blue Green, Dark Green
Green
2.2.6 Leaf Color in Fall
Blue Green, Gray Green, Dark Green
Green
2.2.7 Leaf Color in Winter
Gray Green, Dark Green
Light Green
2.3 Shape
2.3.1 Leaf Shape
2.4 Thorns
3 Season
3.1 Plant Season
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Spring, Summer, Fall
3.2 Growing Conditions
3.2.1 Sunlight
Full Shade, Partial shade
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
3.2.2 Growth Rate
3.2.3 Type of Soil
3.2.4 The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
3.2.5 Soil Drainage
3.2.6 Bloom Time
3.2.7 Repeat Bloomer
3.3 Tolerances
4 Care
4.1 Where to Plant?
4.2 How to Plant?
Root Division, Spores
Seedlings, Stem Cutting
4.3 Plant Maintenance
4.4 Watering Plants
4.4.1 Watering Requirements
Medium
Keep the ground moist but not water-logged
4.4.2 In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
4.4.3 In Spring
4.4.4 In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
4.5 Soil
4.5.1 Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
4.5.2 Soil Type
4.5.3 Soil Drainage Capacity
4.6 Sun Exposure
Full Shade, Partial shade
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
4.7 Pruning
Prune to stimulate growth, Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
Prune if you want to improve plant shape, Remove dead leaves
4.8 Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
Compost, fertilize in growing season
4.9 Pests and Diseases
Pests and diseases free, Red blotch
Aphids, Earwigs, Insects, Mildew, Red blotch, Rust, sawflies
4.10 Plant Tolerance
Drought
Dry soil, Heat And Humidity
5 Facts
5.1 Flowers
5.1.1 Flower Petal Number
5.2 Fruits
5.2.1 Showy Fruit
5.2.2 Edible Fruit
5.3 Fragrance
5.3.1 Fragrant Flower
5.3.2 Fragrant Fruit
5.3.3 Fragrant Leaf
5.3.4 Fragrant Bark/Stem
5.4 Showy Foliage
5.5 Showy Bark
5.6 Foliage Texture
5.7 Foliage Sheen
5.8 Evergreen
5.9 Invasive
5.10 Self-Sowing
5.11 Attracts
Not Available
Birds, Butterflies, Fruit Bats
5.12 Allergy
Skin irritation, Skin rash
Eczema, Mouth itching, Throat itching
6 Benefits
6.1 Uses
6.1.1 Aesthetic Uses
Borders, Hanging Basket, Mixed Border, Showy Purposes, Used as an interior landscaping species, Used for decorating walls, fences, gates, hedges, etc.
Not Available
6.1.2 Beauty Benefits
Not Available
good for lips, Remove blemishes
6.1.3 Edible Uses
6.1.4 Environmental Uses
Air purification
Air purification, Food for animals, Food for birds, soil stabilisation
6.2 Plant Benefits
6.2.1 Medicinal Uses
Not Available
Anemia, Diuretic, Potassium, Rich in Iron, Vitamin C
6.2.2 Part of Plant Used
Not Available
Fruits, Leaves
6.2.3 Other Uses
Used as Ornamental plant, Used for Landscaping
Added to salads, Cosmetics, Culinary use, Used as a nutritious food item, Used As Food, Used for its medicinal properties
6.3 Used As Indoor Plant
6.4 Used As Outdoor Plant
6.5 Garden Design
Feature Plant, Groundcover, Mixed Border, Rock Garden, Wall
Edible, Fruit / Fruit Tree, Hedges
7 Scientific Name
7.1 Botanical Name
DRYOPTERIS marginalis
Carissa carandas
7.2 Common Name
Marginal wood fern
Black Currant
7.2.1 In Hindi
marginal wood fern
करोंदा, कालि मैना
7.2.2 In German
marginal Holz fern
Carandas
7.2.3 In French
marginal dryoptéride
karondas
7.2.4 In Spanish
helecho de madera marginal
karondas
7.2.5 In Greek
οριακή φτέρη ξύλο
karondas
7.2.6 In Portuguese
samambaia de madeira marginal
karondas
7.2.7 In Polish
marginalne drewna paproci
karondas
7.2.8 In Latin
Fern marginalibus
karondas
8 Classification
8.1 Kingdom
8.2 Phylum
Tracheophyta
Magnoliophyta
8.3 Class
Filicopsida
Magnoliopsida
8.4 Order
8.5 Family
Dryopteridaceae
Apocynaceae
8.6 Genus
8.7 Clade
Not Available
Angiosperms, Asterids, Eudicots
8.8 Tribe
Not Available
Not Available
8.9 Subfamily
Not Available
Not Available
8.10 Number of Species