Life Span
Perennial
Perennial
Type
Flowering Plants, Shrubs, Vegetable
Shrub
Origin
Mediterranean
United States, Mid-Atlantic United States, Southeastern United States
Types
Belgian Endive, Red Belgian Endive, Curly Endive (a.k.a. Frisee), Escarole, Radicchio (Chioggia) and Radicchio (Chioggia)
-
Number of Varieties
1010
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Grassland, Mediterranean region, Wild
Sunny Edge, Woodland Garden
USDA Hardiness Zone
3-96-11
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
9-1
10-6
Sunset Zone
A1, A2, A3, H1, H2, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
Habit
Clump-Forming
Thicket/Colonizing
Plant Size
Minimum Height
3.00 cm300.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
1.50 cm300.00 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
Blue
White
Flower Color Modifier
-
-
Fruit Color
Brown
Bronze, Sandy Brown
Leaf Color in Spring
Green
Green, Light Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Green
Green, Dark Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Green
-
Leaf Color in Winter
Green
-
Shape
Leaf Shape
Oblong
Oblanceolate to oval
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Summer
Spring, Summer, Fall
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Part sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Growth Rate
Medium
Medium
Type of Soil
Loamy, Sandy
Clay, Loam, Sand
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral
Acidic, Neutral
Soil Drainage
Well drained
Average
Bloom Time
Summer
Late Spring, Early Summer
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
-
Wet Site
Where to Plant?
Ground
Ground, Pot
How to Plant?
Seedlings
Seedlings
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Keep the ground moist but not water-logged, Prefer drip-irrigation instead of Over-head watering, Requires regular watering, Requires watering in the growing season
Average Water Needs, Needs Very high moisture
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral
Acidic, Neutral
Soil Type
Loamy, Sandy
Clay, Loam, Sand
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
Average
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Part sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Pruning
Cut or pinch the stems, Prune prior to new growth, Prune to stimulate growth, Remove dead or diseased plant parts, Remove deadheads
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
Pests and Diseases
Aphids, Loopers, Root rot, Viruses, Worms
-
Plant Tolerance
Drought
Drought
Flowers
✔
✘
✔
✘
Flower Petal Number
-
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Medium
Medium
Foliage Sheen
Matte
Glossy
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Butterflies
Butterflies
Allergy
-
-
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
-
Borders
Beauty Benefits
-
-
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification
Air purification
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Cancer, Digestive disorders, Inflammation, Liver problems, Stomach pain
Astringent, Styptic
Part of Plant Used
Leaves, Root
Bark, Flowers, Wood
Other Uses
Used as an ingredient in coffee
Used for woodware
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
-
Foundation, Mixed Border, Screening, Wind Break
Botanical Name
Cichorium intybus
CYRILLA racemiflora
Common Name
Blue daisy, blue dandelion, blue sailors, blue weed, bunk, coffeeweed, cornflower, hendibeh, horseweed, ragged sailors, succory, wild bachelor's buttons, and wild endive
Leatherwood, Ironwood, Myrtle
In Hindi
कासनी
Leatherwood
In German
Chicoree
Leather
In French
chicorée
Leatherwood
In Spanish
achicoria
Leatherwood
In Greek
ραδίκι
Leatherwood
In Portuguese
chicória
Leatherwood
In Polish
cykoria
Leatherwood
In Latin
pancratium
Leatherwood
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Asterales
Ericales
Family
Asteraceae
Cyrillaceae
Genus
Cichorium
Cyrilla
Clade
Angiosperms, Asterids, Eudicots
Angiosperms, Asterids, Eudicots
Tribe
Cichorieae
-
Subfamily
Cichorioideae
-
Number of Species
855
1
27800
👆🏻