Life Span
Perennial
Perennial
Type
Flowering Plants, Shrubs, Vegetable
Perennial
Origin
Mediterranean
Europe
Types
Belgian Endive, Red Belgian Endive, Curly Endive (a.k.a. Frisee), Escarole, Radicchio (Chioggia) and Radicchio (Chioggia)
-
Number of Varieties
106
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Grassland, Mediterranean region, Wild
dry rocky watercourses
USDA Hardiness Zone
3-93-9
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
9-1
8-1
Sunset Zone
A1, A2, A3, H1, H2, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23
Habit
Clump-Forming
Upright/Erect
Plant Size
Minimum Height
3.00 cm71.10 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
1.50 cm45.70 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
Blue
Blue Violet, Lavender, Purple, White
Flower Color Modifier
-
Bicolor
Fruit Color
Brown
Green, Brown
Leaf Color in Spring
Green
Green, Sea Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Green
Green, Sea Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Green
Green, Sea Green
Leaf Color in Winter
Green
Light Green
Shape
Leaf Shape
Oblong
Lanceolate to elliptical
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Summer
Spring, Summer
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Part sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Growth Rate
Medium
Medium
Type of Soil
Loamy, Sandy
Clay, Loam, Sand
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Drainage
Well drained
Well drained
Bloom Time
Summer
Spring, Late Spring, Early Summer
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
-
Drought
Where to Plant?
Ground
Container, Ground
How to Plant?
Seedlings
Rhizome division
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Keep the ground moist but not water-logged, Prefer drip-irrigation instead of Over-head watering, Requires regular watering, Requires watering in the growing season
Average Water Needs
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Type
Loamy, Sandy
Clay, Loam, Sand
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
Well drained
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Part sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Pruning
Cut or pinch the stems, Prune prior to new growth, Prune to stimulate growth, Remove dead or diseased plant parts, Remove deadheads
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
Pests and Diseases
Aphids, Loopers, Root rot, Viruses, Worms
Aphids, Bacterial leaf spot, Billbugs, Borers, Fungal leaf spots
Plant Tolerance
Drought
Drought
Flowers
✔
✘
✔
✘
Flower Petal Number
-
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Medium
Coarse
Foliage Sheen
Matte
Matte
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Butterflies
Butterflies
Allergy
-
Gastric disturbances, Skin irritation
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
-
Showy Purposes
Beauty Benefits
-
-
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification
Air purification
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Cancer, Digestive disorders, Inflammation, Liver problems, Stomach pain
Juice of fresh root used for treatment of dropsy
Part of Plant Used
Leaves, Root
Root
Other Uses
Used as an ingredient in coffee
Making Perfumes, Used as a flavouring in food
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
-
Cutflower, Feature Plant, Mixed Border
Botanical Name
Cichorium intybus
Iris germanica
Common Name
Blue daisy, blue dandelion, blue sailors, blue weed, bunk, coffeeweed, cornflower, hendibeh, horseweed, ragged sailors, succory, wild bachelor's buttons, and wild endive
German Iris
In Hindi
कासनी
German Iris
In German
Chicoree
German Iris
In French
chicorée
German Iris
In Spanish
achicoria
German Iris
In Greek
ραδίκι
German Iris
In Portuguese
chicória
German Iris
In Polish
cykoria
German Iris
In Latin
pancratium
German Iris
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Liliopsida
Order
Asterales
Asparagales
Family
Asteraceae
Iridaceae
Genus
Cichorium
Iris
Clade
Angiosperms, Asterids, Eudicots
Angiosperms, Monocots
Tribe
Cichorieae
Irideae
Subfamily
Cichorioideae
Iridoideae
Number of Species
85300
1
27800
👆🏻