Life Span
Perennial
Annual
Type
Flowering Plants, Shrubs, Vegetable
Perennial
Origin
Mediterranean
North America, Northeastern United States, Mid-Atlantic United States, Southeastern United States, North-Central United States, South-Central United States, Canada
Types
Belgian Endive, Red Belgian Endive, Curly Endive (a.k.a. Frisee), Escarole, Radicchio (Chioggia) and Radicchio (Chioggia)
Herbaceous perennial
Number of Varieties
1040
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Grassland, Mediterranean region, Wild
Lakes, Pastures, Prairies, Roadsides, Swamps, Woodlands
USDA Hardiness Zone
3-93-9
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
9-1
9-1
Sunset Zone
A1, A2, A3, H1, H2, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14, 15, 16, 17
Habit
Clump-Forming
Clump-Forming
Plant Size
Minimum Height
3.00 cm61.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
1.50 cm25.40 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
Blue
Red, Crimson, Dark Red
Flower Color Modifier
-
Bicolor
Fruit Color
Brown
Brown
Leaf Color in Spring
Green
Dark Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Green
Dark Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Green
Purple, Dark Green, Burgundy
Leaf Color in Winter
Green
Light Green
Shape
Leaf Shape
Oblong
Lanceolate
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Summer
Summer
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Part sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Growth Rate
Medium
Medium
Type of Soil
Loamy, Sandy
Loam
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Drainage
Well drained
Poorly Drained
Bloom Time
Summer
Early Summer, Summer
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
-
Drought
Where to Plant?
Ground
Container, Ground
How to Plant?
Seedlings
Cuttings, Divison, Seedlings
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Keep the ground moist but not water-logged, Prefer drip-irrigation instead of Over-head watering, Requires regular watering, Requires watering in the growing season
Medium
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Type
Loamy, Sandy
Loam
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
Poorly Drained
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Part sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Pruning
Cut or pinch the stems, Prune prior to new growth, Prune to stimulate growth, Remove dead or diseased plant parts, Remove deadheads
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
Pests and Diseases
Aphids, Loopers, Root rot, Viruses, Worms
Red blotch
Plant Tolerance
Drought
Drought
Flowers
✔
✘
✔
✘
Flower Petal Number
-
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Medium
Medium
Foliage Sheen
Matte
Glossy
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Butterflies
Butterflies, Insects
Allergy
-
-
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
-
Showy Purposes
Beauty Benefits
-
-
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification
Air purification
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Cancer, Digestive disorders, Inflammation, Liver problems, Stomach pain
Headache, Rheumatism, Stomach pain
Part of Plant Used
Leaves, Root
Flowers, Leaves, Root
Other Uses
Used as an ingredient in coffee
Medicinal oil, Showy Purposes
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
-
Bog Garden, Mixed Border, Water Gardens, Wildflower
Botanical Name
Cichorium intybus
LOBELIA cardinalis
Common Name
Blue daisy, blue dandelion, blue sailors, blue weed, bunk, coffeeweed, cornflower, hendibeh, horseweed, ragged sailors, succory, wild bachelor's buttons, and wild endive
Cardinal Flower
In Hindi
कासनी
Cardinal Flower
In German
Chicoree
Cardinal Flower
In French
chicorée
Cardinal Flower
In Spanish
achicoria
Cardinal Flower
In Greek
ραδίκι
Καρδινάλιος λουλούδι
In Portuguese
chicória
Cardinal Flower
In Polish
cykoria
Cardinal Flower
In Latin
pancratium
Cardinalis Flower
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Tracheophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Asterales
Asterales
Family
Asteraceae
Lobeliaceae
Genus
Cichorium
Lobelia
Clade
Angiosperms, Asterids, Eudicots
Angiosperms, Asterids, Eudicots
Tribe
Cichorieae
-
Subfamily
Cichorioideae
Lobelioideae
Number of Species
8556
1
27800
👆🏻