Life Span
Annual
Perennial
Type
Vegetable
Perennial
Origin
Southern Europe, Western Europe, Mediterranean
-
Types
11
Primula auricula, Bear's Ear
Number of Varieties
1125
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Swamps
Rocky Mountains
USDA Hardiness Zone
-99994-9
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
6-1
9-1
Sunset Zone
A1, A2, A3, H1, H2, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
Habit
Rosette/Stemless
Oval or Rounded
Plant Size
Minimum Height
25.40 cm20.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
25.40 cm25.00 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
Yellow
Yellow, Yellow Orange
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
Bicolor
Fruit Color
-
-
Leaf Color in Spring
Green
Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Light Green
Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Light Green
Green, Light Yellow, Brown
Leaf Color in Winter
Light Green
Light Green
Shape
Leaf Shape
Heart-shaped
Oblong
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Spring, Fall
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Growth Rate
Fast
Medium
Type of Soil
Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam, Sand
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral
Acidic, Neutral
Soil Drainage
Well drained
Well drained
Bloom Time
Spring, Late Spring, Early Summer
Early Spring, Spring
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Drought
Drought
Where to Plant?
Container, Ground, Pot
Container, Ground, Pot
How to Plant?
Seedlings, Transplanting
Divison, Seedlings, Stem Planting
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Low
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Keep the ground moist but not water-logged, Never Over-water, Requires regular watering
Average Water Needs, Do Not over Water, Never Over-water, Requires regular watering, Water more in summer
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral
Acidic, Neutral
Soil Type
Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam, Sand
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
Well drained
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Pruning
Remove dead leaves
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves, Remove dead or diseased plant parts
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, fertilize in growing season
Pests and Diseases
Red blotch
-
Plant Tolerance
Drought
Variety of soil types
Flowers
Showy
Showy
Flower Petal Number
Single
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Bold
Medium
Foliage Sheen
Matte
Matte
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Beetles, Moths
-
Allergy
Food Allergy
-
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
-
Beautification, Borders, Landscape Designing, Showy Purposes
Beauty Benefits
-
Good for skin, Making cosmetics, Stops hair loss
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification
Air purification, Food for insects, Versatility
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Arthritis, Asthma, Eczema, Eye Problems, Headache, Heart problems, Jaundice, Muscle Pain, Skin Disorders, Stomach pain, Treatment of ulcers
Eczema
Part of Plant Used
Whole plant
Root
Other Uses
Economic Purpose, Employed in herbal medicine
Decoration Purposes, Medicinal oil, Showy Purposes, Used as Ornamental plant, Used for its medicinal properties
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Bedding Plant, Container, Edible, Herb / Vegetable
Edible, Feature Plant, Fruit / Fruit Tree
Botanical Name
BRASSICA oleracea 'Arrowhead'( Capitata Group)
Primula auricula
Common Name
Arrowhead Cabbage, Cabbage
auricula, mountain cowslip or bear's ear
In Hindi
गोभी
mountain cowslip
In German
Kohl
Aurikel
In French
chou
Primula auricula
In Spanish
repollo
Primula auricula
In Greek
λάχανο
mountain cowslip
In Portuguese
repolho
cowslip montanha
In Polish
kapusta
Pierwiosnek łyszczak
In Latin
brassica
Primula auricula
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Anthophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Brassicales
Ericales
Family
Brassicaceae
Primulaceae
Genus
Caulanthus
Primula
Clade
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Angiosperms, Asterids, Eudicots
Tribe
-
-
Subfamily
-
Primuloideae
Number of Species
1425
1
27800
👆🏻