Europe, Mediterranean, Northern Africa, Western Asia
Hybrid origin, Mexico, Central America, South America
Damp shady woods, Hedgebanks, Mediterranean region
Loamy soils, Shaded sites
21,22
A1, A2, A3, H1, H2, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24