Life Span
Perennial
Perennial
Type
Fruits, Trees
Broadleaf Evergreen
Origin
Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Tropical Indomalaya
Europe, Russia
Types
Feronia limonia, Limonia acidissima
Symphytum officinale (common comfrey), Symphytum asperum (rough comfrey)
Number of Varieties
12
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Dry areas
Cold Regions, stream banks
USDA Hardiness Zone
-99996-11
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
-
-
Sunset Zone
-
21,22
Habit
-
Upright/Erect
Plant Size
Minimum Height
800.00 cm20.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
900.00 cm90.00 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
White
White, Light Pink
Flower Color Modifier
-
Bicolor
Fruit Color
Greyish Brown, Light Green
Orange Red
Leaf Color in Spring
Green
Red, Green, Copper
Leaf Color in Summer
Dark Green
Green, Blue Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Green
Green, Blue Green
Leaf Color in Winter
Gray Green
Red, Dark Green, Burgundy, Bronze
Shape
Leaf Shape
Ovate
Oval
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Autumn
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Growth Rate
Medium
Medium
Type of Soil
Rich
Loam, Sand
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral
Acidic, Neutral
Soil Drainage
Well drained
Well drained
Bloom Time
Late Fall
Late Spring, Early Summer, Summer
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Drought
-
Where to Plant?
Ground, Pot
Container, Ground
How to Plant?
Budding, Layering, root cutting, Seedlings
Root Division, Transplanting
Plant Maintenance
Low
Low
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Do not water excessively
Allow to dry out slightly between watering, Water daily during growing season
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral
Acidic, Neutral
Soil Type
Rich
Loam, Sand
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
Well drained
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Pruning
Prune after harvesting, Remove dead or diseased plant parts
Cut or pinch the stems, Remove dead leaves
Fertilizers
for fruiting plants, use high phosphorous content fertilizer
14-14-14 Fertilizer, All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, can go long without fertilizers
Pests and Diseases
-
Aphids, Stem spot
Plant Tolerance
Drought
Shallow soil, Sun
Flowers
✔
✘
✔
✘
Flower Petal Number
Single
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Medium
Medium
Foliage Sheen
Matte
Glossy
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
-
Ants, Butterflies, pollinators
Allergy
Gastric
Antibacterial, Peripheral Edema
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
-
Cottage Garden, Showy Purposes
Beauty Benefits
Good Cleanser
Acne, Beautiful Skin, Reduce Bruises, Remove blemishes
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
-
Air purification, Fixes Nitrogen
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Blood cleanser, Diabetes, Ear ache, Energy, Kidney problems, Liver Protection, Malaria, Respiratory Disorders, Snakebite
Asthma, Diarrhea, Obesity, Osteoarthritis
Part of Plant Used
Fruits
Leaves, Twigs
Other Uses
Used As Food, Used for its medicinal properties
Used for its medicinal properties
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Edible, Fruit Tree
Container, Feature Plant, Foundation, Groundcover, Hedges, Mixed Border, Tropical
Botanical Name
Limonia acidissima
Symphytum asperum
Common Name
Wood apple, monkey fruit, curd fruit
Comfrey,Black Root, Blackwort, Bruisewort
In Hindi
कबिट
Blackwort
In German
Indischer Holzapfel
Blackwort
In French
Kawista
Blackwort
In Spanish
Kawista
Blackwort
In Greek
γλυκό ασβέστη
Blackwort
In Portuguese
Limonia
Blackwort
In Polish
Feronia słoniowa
Blackwort
In Latin
dulcis ad cinerem
Blackwort
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Sapindales
Lamiales
Family
Rutaceae
Boraginaceae
Genus
Limonia
Symphytum
Clade
Angiosperms, Eudicots
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Tribe
Citreae
-
Subfamily
Aurantioideae
Boraginoideae
Number of Species
135
1
27800
👆🏻