Life Span
Perennial
Perennial
Type
Perennial
Perennial
Origin
North America, United States, Northeastern United States, Mid-Atlantic United States, Southeastern United States, Canada
Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Russia/Siberia, Southern Asia, Western Asia
Types
-
Primula japonica
Number of Varieties
225
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
gardens, Hardwood forests
Roadsides, sand dunes, Waste areas
USDA Hardiness Zone
5-75-9
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
7-5
8-2
Sunset Zone
2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
Habit
Clump-Forming
Oval or Rounded
Plant Size
Minimum Height
15.20 cm370.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
12.70 cm460.00 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
White
White
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
Bicolor
Fruit Color
Light Green
Yellow, Dark Red
Leaf Color in Spring
Green, Blue Green
Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Green, Gray Green
Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Green, Gray Green
Green, Light Yellow, Brown
Leaf Color in Winter
Light Green
Light Green
Shape
Leaf Shape
Butterfly shaped
Oblong
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Spring, Summer, Fall
Spring, Summer, Fall
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Partial shade, Full Shade
Full Sun
Growth Rate
Slow
Medium
Type of Soil
Clay, Loam
Clay, Loam
The pH of Soil
Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral
Soil Drainage
Average
Well drained
Bloom Time
Late Spring, Early Summer
Spring
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Drought
Drought
Where to Plant?
Ground, Pot
Container, Ground, Pot
How to Plant?
Divison, Seedlings, Stem Planting
Divison, Seedlings, Stem Planting
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Low
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Medium
Average Water Needs, Do Not over Water, Never Over-water, Requires regular watering, Water more in summer
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral
Soil Type
Clay, Loam
Clay, Loam
Soil Drainage Capacity
Average
Well drained
Sun Exposure
Partial shade, Full Shade
Full Sun
Pruning
Remove deadheads, Requires very little pruning
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
Fertilizers
No fertilizers needed
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, fertilize in growing season
Pests and Diseases
Pests and diseases free, Red blotch
Slugs, Snails
Plant Tolerance
Drought
Variety of soil types
Flowers
✔
✘
✔
✘
Flower Petal Number
Single
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Coarse
Medium
Foliage Sheen
Matte
Matte
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Bees, Butterflies
Insects
Allergy
-
Abdominal pain, Constipation, Diarrhea, Skin irritation
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Showy Purposes
Beautification, Borders, Landscape Designing, Showy Purposes
Beauty Benefits
-
Good for skin, Making cosmetics, Stops hair loss
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification
Air purification, Food for insects, Versatility
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Cancer, Diuretic
Eczema
Part of Plant Used
Flowers, Root
Root
Other Uses
-
Decoration Purposes, Medicinal oil, Showy Purposes, Used as Ornamental plant, Used for its medicinal properties
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Feature Plant, Groundcover
Edging, Feature Plant, Groundcover, Mixed Border
Botanical Name
JEFFERSONIA diphylla
MALUS domestica 'Winesap'
Common Name
-
Apple, Dessert Apple, Winesap Apple
In Hindi
Twinleaf
Primula sieboldii
In German
Twinleaf
Siebolds Primel
In French
Twinleaf
Primrose japonaise
In Spanish
Twinleaf
Primula sieboldii
In Greek
Twinleaf
Primula sieboldii
In Portuguese
Twinleaf
Primula sieboldii
In Polish
Twinleaf
Pierwiosnek Siebolda
In Latin
Twinleaf
Primula sieboldii
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Tracheophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Ranunculales
Myrtales
Family
Berberidaceae
Onagraceae
Genus
Jeffersonia
Oenothera
Clade
Angiosperms, Eudicots
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Tribe
-
Onagreae
Subfamily
-
Onagroideae
Number of Species
2145
1
27800
👆🏻