Life Span
Perennial
Annual
Type
Perennial
Fruit
Origin
North America, Northern Europe, Russia, Siberia
China, Japan
Types
-
-
Number of Varieties
16
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Open areas, pine woods
Subtropical climates
USDA Hardiness Zone
2-68-11
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
6-1
10-8
Sunset Zone
A1, A2, A3, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 4, 5, 6, 14, 15, 16, 17
H1, H2, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
Habit
Mat-forming
Spreading
Plant Size
Minimum Height
510.00 cm300.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
30.00 cm180.00 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
Light Pink
White
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
Bicolor
Fruit Color
-
Green, Orange, Orange Red
Leaf Color in Spring
Green
Green, Dark Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Green
Green, Dark Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Green
Green, Dark Green
Leaf Color in Winter
Light Green
Light Green
Shape
Leaf Shape
Oval
Acicular
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Spring, Summer
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Partial Sun, Partial shade
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Growth Rate
Fast
Medium
Type of Soil
Loam
Loam, Sand
The pH of Soil
Acidic
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Drainage
Well drained
Well drained
Bloom Time
Spring, Early Summer
Early Spring, Spring, Late Winter
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Drought
Drought
Where to Plant?
Ground
Ground, Pot
How to Plant?
Divison, Seedlings
Budding, Grafting, Seedlings
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Average Water Needs
Keep the ground moist but not water-logged, Medium
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Type
Loam
Loam, Sand
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
Well drained
Sun Exposure
Partial Sun, Partial shade
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Pruning
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
Remove branches, Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
Apply N-P-K, Fertilize the first year
Pests and Diseases
Red blotch
Anthracnose, Aphids, Black root rot, Brown Rot, Mushroom root rot
Plant Tolerance
Drought
Drought
Flowers
✔
✘
✔
✘
Flower Petal Number
Single
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Medium
Medium
Foliage Sheen
Glossy
Glossy
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Bees, Flies, Insects
Birds, Butterflies
Allergy
-
-
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Ground Cover
Showy Purposes
Beauty Benefits
-
Good for skin and hair
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification
Agroforestry, Food for birds
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Headache, Mildly painful menstruation, tonic in pregnancy
Bone strength, Kidney Stones, osteoporosis, Stomach Cancer, Vitamin C
Part of Plant Used
Leaves
Fruits
Other Uses
useful as a ground cover
Food for animals, Used as a nutritious food item, Used As Food, Used as Ornamental plant
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Container, Edging, Groundcover, Wildflower
Container, Edible, Feature Plant, Fruit / Fruit Tree, Hedges, Screening / Wind Break, Topiary / Bonsai / Espalier
Botanical Name
LINNAEA borealis
CITRUS unshiu
Common Name
Twinflower
Satsuma, unshu mikan, cold hardy mandarin
In Hindi
Twinflower
satsuma
In German
Twinflower
satsuma
In French
Twinflower
satsuma
In Spanish
Twinflower
satsuma
In Greek
Twinflower
satsuma
In Portuguese
Twinflower
satsuma
In Polish
zimoziół
Satsuma
In Latin
Twinflower
Satsuma
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Dipsacales
Sapindales
Family
Caprifoliaceae
Rutaceae
Genus
Linnaea
Citrus
Clade
Angiosperms, Asterids, Eudicots
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Tribe
Linnaeeae
Citreae
Subfamily
Linnaeoideae
Citroideae
Number of Species
116
1
27800
👆🏻