Life Span
Perennial
Annual and Perennial
Type
Broadleaf Evergreen
Tender Perennial
Origin
California
Southern Europe, Mediterranean
Types
Heteromeles arbutifolia
Erysimum cheiri
Number of Varieties
350
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Foot Hills, low mountains, Woodlands
gardens, Grassland, Prairies
USDA Hardiness Zone
8-107-9
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
-
9-7
Sunset Zone
21,22
4, 5, 6, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
Habit
Oval or Rounded
Mat-forming
Plant Size
Minimum Height
180.00 cm30.50 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
120.00 cm30.50 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
White
Blue, Lavender
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
Bicolor
Fruit Color
Red, Orange Red
Green
Leaf Color in Spring
Green, Dark Green
Gray Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Green, Dark Green
Gray Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Green, Dark Green
Gray Green
Leaf Color in Winter
Dark Green
Light Green
Shape
Leaf Shape
Elliptic
Linear
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Growth Rate
Medium
Fast
Type of Soil
Clay, Loam, Sand
Loam, Sand
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Drainage
Well drained
Well drained
Bloom Time
Summer
Spring, Late Spring, Early Summer, Summer, Late Summer, Early Fall
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Drought, Salt
Drought
Where to Plant?
Ground
Container, Ground, Pot
How to Plant?
Seedlings
Seedlings, Stem Cutting
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Does not require water in summer, Requires watering in the growing season
Allow soil to be completely dry in between waterings, Water Deeply, Water less during winter
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Type
Clay, Loam, Sand
Loam, Sand
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
Well drained
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Pruning
-
Cut or pinch the stems, Do not prune during shooting season, Prune if you want to improve plant shape, Prune prior to new growth, Remove deadheads
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, Solid Fertilizers
No fertilizers needed
Pests and Diseases
Bacterial Diseases, Root Pathogen
fungus, Insects, Red blotch
Plant Tolerance
Drought
Drought
Flowers
Showy
Showy
Flower Petal Number
Single
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Medium
Fine
Foliage Sheen
Glossy
Matte
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Birds
Bees, Birds, Butterflies
Allergy
Acidic
Skin irritation
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Beautification
Beautification, Showy Purposes
Beauty Benefits
-
-
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Erosion control
Air purification
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Body Ache, Stomach pain
-
Part of Plant Used
Fruits, Leaves
Whole plant
Other Uses
Decoration Purposes, Sauces
Showy Purposes
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Mixed Border, Screening, Wind Break, Topiary, Bonsai, Espalier
Alpine, Container, Edging, Foundation, Groundcover, Mixed Border, Rock Garden / Wall
Botanical Name
HETEROMELES arbutifolia
ERYSIMUM linifolium
Common Name
Christmas Berry, California Holly
Wallflower
In Hindi
Toyon
wallflower
In German
Toyon
Goldlack
In French
Toyon
giroflée and ravenelle
In Spanish
Toyon
Alhelí
In Greek
Toyon
Μη χορεύων θεατής χορού
In Portuguese
Toyon
goivo-amarelo
In Polish
Toyon
Lak
In Latin
Toyon
Wallflower
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Rosales
Brassicales
Family
Rosaceae
Brassicaceae
Genus
Heteromeles
Erysimum
Clade
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Tribe
Maleae
-
Subfamily
Amygdaloideae
-
Number of Species
675
1
27800
👆🏻