Life Span
Perennial
Perennial
Type
Broadleaf Evergreen
Bulb or Corm or Tuber
Origin
California
North America, Europe, Africa, Asia
Types
Heteromeles arbutifolia
-
Number of Varieties
31
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Foot Hills, low mountains, Woodlands
Alpine Meadows, meadows, Mountains, stream banks
USDA Hardiness Zone
8-104-8
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
-
8-1
Sunset Zone
21,22
21,22
Habit
Oval or Rounded
Upright/Erect
Plant Size
Minimum Height
180.00 cm91.40 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
120.00 cm25.40 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
White
Crimson, Pink, Red, Yellow
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
Bicolor
Fruit Color
Red, Orange Red
-
Leaf Color in Spring
Green, Dark Green
Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Green, Dark Green
Light Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Green, Dark Green
Several shades of Green
Leaf Color in Winter
Dark Green
Light Green
Shape
Leaf Shape
Elliptic
Oval
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Spring, Summer, Fall
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Growth Rate
Medium
Medium
Type of Soil
Clay, Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam, Sand
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Drainage
Well drained
Well drained
Bloom Time
Summer
Early Summer, Summer
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Drought, Salt
Salt and Soil Compaction, Shade areas, Shallow soil
Where to Plant?
Ground
Container, Ground
How to Plant?
Seedlings
Cuttings, From bulbs
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Does not require water in summer, Requires watering in the growing season
Keep the Soil well drained, occasional watering once established
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Type
Clay, Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam, Sand
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
Well drained
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Pruning
-
Cut off the flower stalks at the base of the plant, Prune after flowering, Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, Solid Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, Compost, Organic Flower Fertilizer
Pests and Diseases
Bacterial Diseases, Root Pathogen
Aphids, Bacteria wilt, Pink Root, Red blotch, Root rot
Plant Tolerance
Drought
Shallow soil, Soil Compaction
Flowers
Showy
Showy
Flower Petal Number
Single
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Medium
Coarse
Foliage Sheen
Glossy
Glossy
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Birds
Butterflies, Hummingbirds
Allergy
Acidic
Red eyes, Vomiting, wheezing
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Beautification
Beautification, Cottage Garden
Beauty Benefits
-
Good Cleanser, Good for the Scalp
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Erosion control
Air purification, Provides ground cover
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Body Ache, Stomach pain
Antibacterial, Antifungal, Anti-oxidant, Eczema, hemorrhoids
Part of Plant Used
Fruits, Leaves
Leaf Stalks, Stem
Other Uses
Decoration Purposes, Sauces
Decoration Purposes, Showy Purposes
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Mixed Border, Screening, Wind Break, Topiary, Bonsai, Espalier
Container, Cutflower, Mixed Border
Botanical Name
HETEROMELES arbutifolia
Spigelia marilandica
Common Name
Christmas Berry, California Holly
Woodland pinkroot, Indian pink
In Hindi
Toyon
pinkroot
In German
Toyon
Spigelia
In French
Toyon
Spigelia
In Spanish
Toyon
Spigelia
In Greek
Toyon
Spigelia
In Portuguese
Toyon
Spigelia
In Polish
Toyon
Spigelia
In Latin
Toyon
Spigelia
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Rosales
Gentianales
Family
Rosaceae
Loganiceae
Genus
Heteromeles
Spigelia
Clade
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Angiosperms, Asterids, Eudicots
Tribe
Maleae
-
Subfamily
Amygdaloideae
-
Number of Species
660
1
27800
👆🏻