Life Span
Perennial
Perennial
Type
Broadleaf Evergreen
Fruit
Origin
California
-
Types
Heteromeles arbutifolia
Rubus fruticosus
Number of Varieties
315
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Foot Hills, low mountains, Woodlands
ditches, vacant lots, wastelands
USDA Hardiness Zone
8-106-9
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
-
9-1
Sunset Zone
21,22
1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
Habit
Oval or Rounded
Upright/Erect
Plant Size
Minimum Height
180.00 cm150.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
120.00 cm120.00 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
White
White
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
Bicolor
Fruit Color
Red, Orange Red
Black
Leaf Color in Spring
Green, Dark Green
Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Green, Dark Green
Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Green, Dark Green
Green
Leaf Color in Winter
Dark Green
Light Green
Shape
Leaf Shape
Elliptic
Palmate
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Summer
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun
Growth Rate
Medium
Fast
Type of Soil
Clay, Loam, Sand
Loam
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral
Soil Drainage
Well drained
Well drained
Bloom Time
Summer
Spring
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Drought, Salt
Drought
Where to Plant?
Ground
Ground
How to Plant?
Seedlings
Stem Cutting
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Does not require water in summer, Requires watering in the growing season
Water frequently while growing
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral
Soil Type
Clay, Loam, Sand
Loam
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
Well drained
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun
Pruning
-
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, Solid Fertilizers
10-10-10 diluted liquid fertilizer
Pests and Diseases
Bacterial Diseases, Root Pathogen
Anthracnose, Aphids, bees, Birds, Caterpillars, Lily Beetle, Red blotch
Plant Tolerance
Drought
Drought, Variety of soil types
Flowers
Showy
Insignificant
Flower Petal Number
Single
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Medium
Medium
Foliage Sheen
Glossy
Matte
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Birds
Birds, Butterflies, Deers
Allergy
Acidic
Food Allergy, Runny nose, Sinuses, sneezing
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Beautification
-
Beauty Benefits
-
-
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Erosion control
Air purification, Food for animals, Food for birds, Food for insects
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Body Ache, Stomach pain
Fiber, Vitamin A, Vitamin C
Part of Plant Used
Fruits, Leaves
Fruits, Leaves, Seeds
Other Uses
Decoration Purposes, Sauces
Food for animals, Food for insects, Used as a nutritious food item, Used for its medicinal properties
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Mixed Border, Screening, Wind Break, Topiary, Bonsai, Espalier
Edible, Fruit / Fruit Tree, Hedges
Botanical Name
HETEROMELES arbutifolia
RUBUS 'Apache'
Common Name
Christmas Berry, California Holly
Blackberry
In Hindi
Toyon
ब्लैकबेरी
In German
Toyon
Brombeere
In French
Toyon
la mûre
In Spanish
Toyon
Mora
In Greek
Toyon
Βατόμουρο
In Portuguese
Toyon
Amora preta
In Polish
Toyon
Jeżyna
In Latin
Toyon
Etiam
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Rosales
Rosales
Family
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Genus
Heteromeles
Rubus
Clade
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Tribe
Maleae
Rubeae
Subfamily
Amygdaloideae
Rosoideae
Number of Species
6375
1
27800
👆🏻