Life Span
Perennial
Perennial
Type
Broadleaf Evergreen
Tree
Origin
California
North America
Types
Heteromeles arbutifolia
Bergmann's Elm, Chestnut-leafed Elm, Hangzhou Elm
Number of Varieties
3175
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Foot Hills, low mountains, Woodlands
Woodland Garden Canopy
USDA Hardiness Zone
8-103-9
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
-
9-1
Sunset Zone
21,22
1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21
Habit
Oval or Rounded
Upright/Erect
Plant Size
Minimum Height
180.00 cm3,900.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
120.00 cm3,700.00 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
White
Green
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
Bicolor
Fruit Color
Red, Orange Red
Tan
Leaf Color in Spring
Green, Dark Green
Light Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Green, Dark Green
Dark Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Green, Dark Green
Light Yellow
Leaf Color in Winter
Dark Green
-
Shape
Leaf Shape
Elliptic
Ovate
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun
Growth Rate
Medium
Fast
Type of Soil
Clay, Loam, Sand
Loam
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral
Soil Drainage
Well drained
Average
Bloom Time
Summer
Early Spring
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Drought, Salt
Pollution
Where to Plant?
Ground
Ground
How to Plant?
Seedlings
Budding, Grafting, Seedlings, Semi-hardwood cuttings, Softwood cuttings
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Does not require water in summer, Requires watering in the growing season
Average Water Needs, Do Not over Water, Requires regular watering
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral
Soil Type
Clay, Loam, Sand
Loam
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
Average
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun
Pruning
-
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves, Remove dead or diseased plant parts, Remove deadheads
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, Solid Fertilizers
Complete balanced fertilizer, fertilize in spring
Pests and Diseases
Bacterial Diseases, Root Pathogen
Red blotch
Plant Tolerance
Drought
Pollution
Flowers
✔
✘
✔
✘
Flower Petal Number
Single
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Medium
Medium
Foliage Sheen
Glossy
Matte
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Birds
Birds, Butterflies
Allergy
Acidic
Pollen
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Beautification
-
Beauty Benefits
-
Good for skin and hair
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Erosion control
Air purification, Nesting sites for birds, Shadow Tree
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Body Ache, Stomach pain
Antispasmodic, Astringent, Birthing aid, Haemostatic, Salve
Part of Plant Used
Fruits, Leaves
Bark, Fibre, Leaves
Other Uses
Decoration Purposes, Sauces
Container, String, Used for woodware, Used in paper industry
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Mixed Border, Screening, Wind Break, Topiary, Bonsai, Espalier
Feature Plant, Shade Trees, Street Trees
Botanical Name
HETEROMELES arbutifolia
ULMUS americana 'Augustine'
Common Name
Christmas Berry, California Holly
American Elm, Augustine Elm
In Hindi
Toyon
American Elm Tree
In German
Toyon
Amerikanische Ulme
In French
Toyon
Américaine Elm Tree
In Spanish
Toyon
Olmo Americano Árbol
In Greek
Toyon
American Elm Tree
In Portuguese
Toyon
Árvore de olmo americano
In Polish
Toyon
Amerykańska Elm Tree
In Latin
Toyon
Latin ulmo
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Rosales
Urticales
Family
Rosaceae
Ulmaceae
Genus
Heteromeles
Ulmus
Clade
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Tribe
Maleae
-
Subfamily
Amygdaloideae
-
Number of Species
66
1
27800
👆🏻