Life Span
Perennial
  
Perennial
  
Type
Fern
  
Flowering Plants
  
Origin
Southeastern United States, South-Central United States, Texas
  
Asia, Europe
  
Types
Not available
  
American Lily of the Valley, European Lily of the Valley, Japanese Lily of the valley.
  
Number of Varieties
Not Available
  
Habitat
Cliffs, Forests, Rocky areas, Slopes
  
Banks, Broad-Leaved Forests, coppices, Dry and Young forest Heaths, Forest margins, Ridges, Rocky Ridges
  
USDA Hardiness Zone
6-9
  
4-8
  
AHS Heat Zone
Not Available
  
9-1
  
Sunset Zone
Not Available
  
A1, A2, A3, H1, H2, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20
  
Habit
Clump-Forming
  
Mat-forming
  
Plant Size
  
  
Minimum Width
Not Available
  
Plant Color
  
  
Flower Color
Non Flowering Plant
  
Pink, White
  
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
  
Not Available
  
Fruit Color
Non Fruiting Plant
  
Not Available
  
Leaf Color in Spring
Dark Green
  
Dark Green
  
Leaf Color in Summer
Dark Green
  
Dark Green, Green
  
Leaf Color in Fall
Dark Green
  
Green, Yellow green
  
Leaf Color in Winter
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Shape
  
  
Leaf Shape
Compound
  
Bell Shaped
  
Thorns
No
  
No
  
Plant Season
Spring, Summer, Fall
  
Fall, Spring, Summer
  
Growing Conditions
  
  
Sunlight
Full Shade, Partial shade
  
Part sun, Partial shade
  
Growth Rate
Medium
  
Fast
  
Type of Soil
Clay, Loam, Sand
  
Moist, Well drained
  
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral
  
Acidic, Neutral
  
Soil Drainage
Well drained
  
Not Available
  
Bloom Time
Not Available
  
Late Spring, Spring
  
Repeat Bloomer
No
  
No
  
Tolerances
Drought
  
Not Available
  
Where to Plant?
Ground, Pot
  
Container, Ground, Pot
  
How to Plant?
Bulbs, Rhizome division, Tubers
  
From Rhizomes, Seedlings
  
Plant Maintenance
Medium
  
Medium
  
Watering Plants
  
  
Watering Requirements
Average Water Needs, Do Not over Water
  
Keep the ground moist but not water-logged, Requires a lot of watering, Water twice a day in the initial period, Water when soil is dry
  
In Summer
Lots of watering
  
Lots of watering
  
In Spring
Moderate
  
Moderate
  
In Winter
Average Water
  
Average Water
  
Soil
  
  
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral
  
Acidic, Neutral
  
Soil Type
Clay, Loam, Sand
  
Moist, Well drained
  
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
  
Not Available
  
Sun Exposure
Full Shade, Partial shade
  
Part sun, Partial shade
  
Pruning
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
  
Do not prune during shooting season, Prune after harvesting, Prune in late summer or fall, Prune to stimulate growth, Remove deadheads
  
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
  
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
  
Pests and Diseases
Pests and diseases free, Red blotch
  
Anthracnose, Aureobasidium leaf spot, Foliar nematode, Leaf spot, Mealybugs, Rust, Southern blight
  
Plant Tolerance
Drought
  
Drought
  
Flowers
None
  
Yes
  
Flower Petal Number
Single
  
Not Available
  
Fruits
  
  
Showy Fruit
No
  
Yes
  
Edible Fruit
No
  
Not Available
  
Fragrance
  
  
Fragrant Flower
No
  
Yes
  
Fragrant Fruit
No
  
Not Available
  
Fragrant Leaf
No
  
Not Available
  
Fragrant Bark/Stem
No
  
No
  
Showy Foliage
Yes
  
Yes
  
Showy Bark
No
  
No
  
Foliage Texture
Medium
  
Coarse
  
Foliage Sheen
Glossy
  
Not Available
  
Evergreen
No
  
No
  
Invasive
No
  
Sometimes
  
Self-Sowing
No
  
Not Available
  
Attracts
Butterflies, Flying insects
  
Bees
  
Allergy
Itchiness, Skin irritation
  
Headache, Nausea, Vomiting
  
Uses
  
  
Aesthetic Uses
Borders, Hanging Basket, Mixed Border, Showy Purposes, Used as an interior landscaping species, Used for decorating walls, fences, gates, hedges, etc.
  
Beautification, Showy Purposes
  
Beauty Benefits
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Edible Uses
No
  
Yes
  
Environmental Uses
Air purification
  
Air purification
  
Plant Benefits
  
  
Medicinal Uses
Not Available
  
Chest pain, Swelling
  
Part of Plant Used
Not Available
  
Flowers, Leaves, Root
  
Other Uses
Used as Ornamental plant, Used for Landscaping
  
Air freshner, Cosmetics, Oil is used for aromatherapy, Oil is used in perfume, soaps, creams, etc., Showy Purposes, Used As Food, Used as Ornamental plant, Used for fragrance
  
Used As Indoor Plant
Yes
  
Yes
  
Used As Outdoor Plant
Yes
  
Yes
  
Garden Design
Feature Plant, Groundcover, Mixed Border, Rock Garden, Wall
  
Bedding Plant, Bog Garden, Cutflower, Edging, Foundation, Mixed Border
  
Botanical Name
DRYOPTERIS ludoviciana
  
Convallaria majalis
  
Common Name
Southern wood fern
  
Lily of the Valley
  
In Hindi
southern wood fern
  
कामुदिनी
  
In German
südlichen Holz fern
  
Maiglöckchen
  
In French
sud dryoptéride
  
Lily of the Valley
  
In Spanish
helecho de madera sur
  
Lirio de los valles
  
In Greek
νότια φτέρη ξύλο
  
Κρίνος της κοιλάδας
  
In Portuguese
samambaia de madeira do sul
  
Lírio do Vale
  
In Polish
południowej drewna paproci
  
Lilia doliny
  
In Latin
Fern australi
  
Lílium convállium
  
Kingdom
Plantae
  
Plantae
  
Phylum
Tracheophyta
  
Tracheophyta
  
Class
Filicopsida
  
Magnoliopsida
  
Order
Polypodiales
  
Asparagales
  
Family
Dryopteridaceae
  
Asparagaceae
  
Genus
Dryopteris
  
Convallaria
  
Clade
Not Available
  
Angiosperms, Monocots
  
Tribe
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Subfamily
Not Available
  
Nolinoideae
  
Number of Species
Not Available
  
Not Available