Life Span
Biennial
Perennial
Type
Vegetable
Broadleaf Evergreen
Origin
-
Europe, Russia
Types
Argentine canola
annua – annual rape and summer rape
swede rape
pabularia – Hanover-salad
Symphytum officinale (common comfrey), Symphytum asperum (rough comfrey)
Number of Varieties
32
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
-
Cold Regions, stream banks
USDA Hardiness Zone
6-96-11
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
9-3
-
Sunset Zone
A1, A2, A3, H1, H2, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
21,22
Habit
Rosette/Stemless
Upright/Erect
Plant Size
Minimum Height
30.00 cm20.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
30.00 cm90.00 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
Yellow, Light Yellow
White, Light Pink
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
Bicolor
Fruit Color
Tan, Brown
Orange Red
Leaf Color in Spring
Black, Green, Green, Dark Green
Red, Green, Copper
Leaf Color in Summer
Green, Blue Green
Green, Blue Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Green, Blue Green
Green, Blue Green
Leaf Color in Winter
Green, Blue Green
Red, Dark Green, Burgundy, Bronze
Shape
Leaf Shape
Ovate
Oval
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Growth Rate
Medium
Medium
Type of Soil
Loam, Sand
Loam, Sand
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral
Acidic, Neutral
Soil Drainage
Well drained
Well drained
Bloom Time
Spring, Late Spring, Early Summer, Summer
Late Spring, Early Summer, Summer
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Drought
-
Where to Plant?
Ground
Container, Ground
How to Plant?
Seedlings
Root Division, Transplanting
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Low
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Water frequently while growing, Water slowly, and allow to dry completely between soakings
Allow to dry out slightly between watering, Water daily during growing season
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral
Acidic, Neutral
Soil Type
Loam, Sand
Loam, Sand
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
Well drained
Sun Exposure
Full Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Pruning
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
Cut or pinch the stems, Remove dead leaves
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, Apply N-P-K
14-14-14 Fertilizer, All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, can go long without fertilizers
Pests and Diseases
Blackleg, Clubroot, Flea Beetles, Grasshoppers, Lygus bugs, Red blotch, Slugs, Snails, Verticillium Wilt, white rust
Aphids, Stem spot
Plant Tolerance
Drought, Humidity, Shade areas
Shallow soil, Sun
Flowers
Showy
Showy
Flower Petal Number
Single
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Coarse
Medium
Foliage Sheen
Matte
Glossy
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Flea beetles, Moths, Snails
Ants, Butterflies, pollinators
Allergy
Asthma, Mild Allergen, Toxic
Antibacterial, Peripheral Edema
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
-
Cottage Garden, Showy Purposes
Beauty Benefits
-
Acne, Beautiful Skin, Reduce Bruises, Remove blemishes
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification
Air purification, Fixes Nitrogen
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Diuretic, Emollient
Asthma, Diarrhea, Obesity, Osteoarthritis
Part of Plant Used
Leaves, Root
Leaves, Twigs
Other Uses
-
Used for its medicinal properties
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Edible, Herb / Vegetable, Mixed Border
Container, Feature Plant, Foundation, Groundcover, Hedges, Mixed Border, Tropical
Botanical Name
BRASSICA napus var. napobrassica
Symphytum asperum
Common Name
Rutabaga, Swede , Swedish Turnip
Comfrey,Black Root, Blackwort, Bruisewort
In Hindi
शलजम
Blackwort
In German
Steckrübe
Blackwort
In French
rutabaga
Blackwort
In Spanish
nabo sueco
Blackwort
In Greek
μέγα γογγύλιον
Blackwort
In Portuguese
Rotavaga
Blackwort
In Polish
Rotavaga
Blackwort
In Latin
Rotavaga
Blackwort
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Tracheophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Brassicales
Lamiales
Family
Brassicaceae
Boraginaceae
Genus
Brassica
Symphytum
Clade
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Tribe
-
-
Subfamily
-
Boraginoideae
Number of Species
-35
1
27800
👆🏻