Life Span
Perennial
Annual
Type
Tree
Fruit
Origin
Mid-Atlantic United States, Southeastern United States, Central United States, South-Central United States
Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Russia/Siberia, Southern Asia, Western Asia
Types
-
Jonathan apple, fuji apple
Number of Varieties
325
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
bottomlands, Depression on prairies, ditches, Floodplains, Riverbanks, stream banks, Swamps
Cold Regions, gardens
USDA Hardiness Zone
4-94-8
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
9-1
9-1
Sunset Zone
1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 14, 15, 16
Habit
Oval or Rounded
Oval or Rounded
Plant Size
Minimum Height
1,220.00 cm370.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
1,220.00 cm460.00 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
Yellow, Brown
White, Pink
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
Bicolor
Fruit Color
Black
Yellow, Yellow green
Leaf Color in Spring
Green, Light Green
Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Green, Light Green
Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Yellow, Light Yellow, Tan
Green, Light Yellow, Brown
Leaf Color in Winter
-
Light Green
Shape
Leaf Shape
Oval with a pointed tip and fine teeth along their edges
Oval
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Spring, Fall
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Growth Rate
Fast
Medium
Type of Soil
Clay, Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam, Sand
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral
Acidic, Neutral
Soil Drainage
Average
Well drained
Bloom Time
Spring
Early Spring, Spring
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Wet Site, Pollution, Soil Compaction
Rocky Soil, Shade areas
Where to Plant?
Ground
Ground
How to Plant?
Seedlings
Grafting, Seedlings, Stem Planting
Plant Maintenance
Low
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Requires a lot of watering, Requires regular watering
Do not let dry out between waterings, Never Over-water, Use Mulches to help prevent water loss during hot and windy weather
In Summer
Lots of watering
Alternate Days
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Less Watering
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral
Acidic, Neutral
Soil Type
Clay, Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam, Sand
Soil Drainage Capacity
Average
Well drained
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Pruning
Prune in the late winter or spring, Remove dead or diseased plant parts, Shape and thin as needed
Prune central stem, Remove lateral branches
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, No need to fertilize every year
Apply 10-10-10 amount, fertilize in growing season, Fertilize the soil before planting
Pests and Diseases
Aphids, Red blotch, Sawfly Larvae
Bacterial Blight, Bacterial Canker, Leaf rust, Red blotch, Ring Rot, Woodpecker feeding
Plant Tolerance
Pollution, Soil Compaction, Wet Site
Rocky Soil, Shade areas
Flowers
Showy
Showy
Flower Petal Number
-
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Medium
Medium
Foliage Sheen
Matte
Matte
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
-
Bees, Butterflies, Hummingbirds, Insects
Allergy
Asthma
Peripheral Edema, Vomiting
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Showy Purposes
Cottage Garden, Showy Purposes
Beauty Benefits
-
Acne, For treating wrinkles, Improve skin tone, Moisturizing, Stops hair loss
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Erosion control, Wildlife
Food for animals, Shadow Tree, soil stabilisation, Windbreak
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
-
Acne, Alzheimer’s Disease, Anemia, constipation, Gastrointestinal disorders, Hair Loss, Parkinson
Part of Plant Used
Whole plant
Fruits
Other Uses
used for making roof trusses, poles, joists, piles, Used in construction, Used in Furniture
Acts as a natural source of rain water for birds and insects., Cosmetics, Used As Food
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Feature Plant, Shade Trees
Edible, Feature Plant, Fruit / Fruit Tree
Botanical Name
BETULA nigra
MALUS domestica 'Ginger Gold'
Common Name
River Birch
Apple, Ginger Gold Apple, Yellow Eating Apple
In Hindi
River Birch
सुनहरा सेब
In German
Fluss Birch
goldener Apfel
In French
Birch river
pomme d'Or
In Spanish
river Birch
manzana dorada
In Greek
ποταμός Birch
χρυσό μήλο
In Portuguese
river Birch
maçã Dourada
In Polish
Rzeka Birch
złote jabłko
In Latin
Betula
aureum pomum
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Fagales
Rosales
Family
Betulaceae
Rosaceae
Genus
Betula
Malus
Clade
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Dicotyledonous, Rosids
Tribe
-
-
Subfamily
-
-
Number of Species
365
1
27800
👆🏻