Life Span
Perennial
  
Perennial
  
Type
Tree
  
Tree
  
Origin
North America, United States, Northeastern United States, Mid-Atlantic United States, North-Central United States, Central United States, Western United States, Northwestern United States, Alaska, Canada
  
Eastern Asia, China
  
Types
not available
  
Babylon
  
Number of Varieties
Not Available
  
Habitat
Forest margins, Thickets
  
Lake margins, River side, Swamps, Waste areas
  
USDA Hardiness Zone
4-7
  
5-9
  
AHS Heat Zone
8-1
  
10-9
  
Sunset Zone
1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6
  
3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
  
Habit
Oval or Rounded
  
Weeping
  
Plant Size
  
  
Plant Color
  
  
Flower Color
Ivory
  
Yellow green
  
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
  
Bicolor
  
Fruit Color
Red
  
Not Available
  
Leaf Color in Spring
Green
  
Green, Light Green
  
Leaf Color in Summer
Green
  
Green, Light Green
  
Leaf Color in Fall
Yellow, Green
  
Light Yellow, Yellow green
  
Leaf Color in Winter
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Shape
  
  
Leaf Shape
Ovate
  
Needle like
  
Thorns
No
  
No
  
Plant Season
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
  
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
  
Growing Conditions
  
  
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
  
Full Sun, Partial Sun
  
Growth Rate
Fast
  
Fast
  
Type of Soil
Clay, Loam
  
Clay, Loam, Sand
  
The pH of Soil
Neutral
  
Neutral
  
Soil Drainage
Well drained
  
Average
  
Bloom Time
Late Spring
  
Early Spring, Spring
  
Repeat Bloomer
No
  
No
  
Tolerances
Not Available
  
Drought, Soil Compaction, Wet Site
  
Where to Plant?
Ground
  
Ground
  
How to Plant?
Divison, Seedlings, Transplanting
  
Divison, Rooted stem cutting, Stem Planting, Transplanting
  
Plant Maintenance
Medium
  
Medium
  
Watering Plants
  
  
Watering Requirements
Do Not over Water, Keep ground moist
  
Keep ground moist, Requires consistently moist soil, Requires regular watering, Requires watering in the growing season
  
In Summer
Lots of watering
  
Lots of watering
  
In Spring
Moderate
  
Moderate
  
In Winter
Average Water
  
Average Water
  
Soil
  
  
Soil pH
Neutral
  
Neutral
  
Soil Type
Clay, Loam
  
Clay, Loam, Sand
  
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
  
Average
  
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
  
Full Sun, Partial Sun
  
Pruning
Remove dead leaves
  
Prune if you want to improve plant shape, Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead leaves
  
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, for fruiting plants, use high phosphorous content fertilizer
  
Compost, fertilize every 2-3 weeks while growing, fertilize in growing season
  
Pests and Diseases
Bacterial leaf spot, Cane Spot, fungus, Powdery mildew, Viruses
  
Aphids, Beetles, Caterpillars, Red blotch
  
Plant Tolerance
Not Available
  
Drought, Wet Site
  
Flowers
Showy
  
Insignificant
  
Flower Petal Number
Single
  
Not Available
  
Fruits
  
  
Showy Fruit
Yes
  
No
  
Edible Fruit
No
  
No
  
Fragrance
  
  
Fragrant Flower
Yes
  
No
  
Fragrant Fruit
No
  
No
  
Fragrant Leaf
Yes
  
No
  
Fragrant Bark/Stem
Yes
  
No
  
Showy Foliage
Yes
  
Yes
  
Showy Bark
No
  
No
  
Foliage Texture
Medium
  
Medium
  
Foliage Sheen
Glossy
  
Matte
  
Evergreen
No
  
No
  
Invasive
Sometimes
  
No
  
Self-Sowing
Yes
  
Yes
  
Attracts
Birds, Butterflies
  
Not Available
  
Allergy
Not Available
  
Asthma
  
Uses
  
  
Aesthetic Uses
Showy Purposes
  
Beautification, Landscape Designing, Showy Purposes
  
Beauty Benefits
Good for skin
  
No Beauty Benefits
  
Edible Uses
Yes
  
Yes
  
Environmental Uses
Food for birds, soil erosion prevension on hill slopes, soil stabilisation
  
Air purification, Erosion control, Food for birds, Food for insects, Nesting sites for birds, Prevent Soil Erosion, Shadow Tree, Shelter for wildlife, Versatility
  
Plant Benefits
  
  
Medicinal Uses
Cold, Fever
  
Headache, Sedative, Stomach pain
  
Part of Plant Used
Whole plant
  
Tree trunks
  
Other Uses
Used As Food, Used as Ornamental plant, Used for its medicinal properties
  
Showy Purposes, Used as firewood, Used as Ornamental plant
  
Used As Indoor Plant
No
  
No
  
Used As Outdoor Plant
Yes
  
Yes
  
Garden Design
Screening / Wind Break
  
Cutflower, Dried Flower/Everlasting, Feature Plant, Shade Trees
  
Botanical Name
Sambucus racemosa
  
SALIX babylonica f. tortuosa
  
Common Name
Red Elderberry, Red-berried Elderberry
  
Corkscrew Willow
  
In Hindi
Red Elderberry
  
पेंचकश विलो
  
In German
Rote Holunder
  
Korkenzieher-Weide
  
In French
Red sureau
  
Tire-bouchon Willow
  
In Spanish
La baya del saúco roja
  
Tire-bouchon Willow
  
In Greek
κόκκινο Elderberry
  
τιρμπουσόν Willow
  
In Portuguese
Red Elderberry
  
corkscrew salgueiro
  
In Polish
Red Elderberry
  
korkociąg Willow
  
In Latin
pubens
  
corkscrew Willow
  
Kingdom
Plantae
  
Plantae
  
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
  
Magnoliophyta
  
Class
Magnoliopsida
  
Magnoliopsida
  
Order
Dipsacales
  
Malpighiales
  
Family
Caprifoliaceae
  
Salicaceae
  
Genus
Sambucus
  
Salix
  
Clade
Angiosperms, Asterids, Eudicots
  
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
  
Tribe
Not Available
  
Saliceae
  
Subfamily
Not Available
  
Salicoideae
  
Number of Species
Not Available