Life Span
Perennial
Perennial
Type
Shrub
Perennial
Origin
North America, United States, Northeastern United States, Mid-Atlantic United States, Southeastern United States, North-Central United States, South-Central United States, Texas
Europe, Russia
Types
-
Primula elatior
Number of Varieties
31
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Boggy areas, Fens, Fields, meadows, Swamps, Woodlands
Roadsides, sand dunes, Waste areas
USDA Hardiness Zone
4-94-7
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
8-4
7-1
Sunset Zone
1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7
A1, A2, A3, H1, H2, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
Habit
Thicket/Colonizing
Rosette/Stemless
Plant Size
Minimum Height
180.00 cm30.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
12.70 cm25.00 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
-
Light Yellow
Flower Color Modifier
-
Bicolor
Fruit Color
Red
Tan
Leaf Color in Spring
-
Green
Leaf Color in Summer
-
Green
Leaf Color in Fall
-
Green
Leaf Color in Winter
-
Light Green
Shape
Leaf Shape
Oblovate
Oblong
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Spring, Fall, Winter
Summer
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Growth Rate
Medium
Medium
Type of Soil
Clay, Loam
Loam, Sand
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Drainage
Average
Well drained
Bloom Time
Late Spring
Early Summer, Summer, Late Summer
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
-
Drought
Where to Plant?
Ground, Pot
Container, Ground, Pot
How to Plant?
Divison, Seedlings
Divison, Seedlings, Stem Planting
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Low
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Keep the ground moist but not water-logged
Average Water Needs, Do Not over Water, Never Over-water, Requires regular watering, Water more in summer
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Type
Clay, Loam
Loam, Sand
Soil Drainage Capacity
Average
Well drained
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Pruning
Prune after flowering, Prune in early spring, Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves, Remove dead or diseased plant parts
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, Compost, Fertilize every year, Mulch, Nitrogen
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, fertilize in growing season
Pests and Diseases
Aphids, Apple Maggot, Fall Webworm, Red blotch, Scale
Slugs, Snails
Plant Tolerance
-
Variety of soil types
Flowers
✔
✘
✔
✘
Flower Petal Number
-
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
-
Fine
Foliage Sheen
-
Matte
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Birds
Insects
Allergy
-
Abdominal pain, Constipation, Diarrhea, Skin irritation
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Showy Purposes
Beautification, Borders, Landscape Designing, Showy Purposes
Beauty Benefits
-
Good for skin, Making cosmetics, Stops hair loss
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification
Air purification, Food for insects, Versatility
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
-
Eczema
Part of Plant Used
Fruits
Root
Other Uses
Used As Food, Used as Ornamental plant
Decoration Purposes, Medicinal oil, Showy Purposes, Used as Ornamental plant, Used for its medicinal properties
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Cutflower, Mixed Border, Screening, Wind Break
Edging, Feature Plant, Groundcover, Mixed Border
Botanical Name
ARONIA arbutifolia
Primula elatior
Common Name
Red Chokeberry
Oxlip, true oxlip
In Hindi
लाल Chokeberry
Oxlip
In German
Rote Apfelbeere
Hohe Schlüsselblume
In French
Red Chokeberry
La Primevère élevée ou Primevère des bois
In Spanish
rojo Chokeberry
Primula elatior
In Greek
κόκκινο Chokeberry
δακράκι
In Portuguese
Red Chokeberry
Oxlip
In Polish
Red aronii
Oxlip
In Latin
arbutifolia
Oxlip
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Rosales
Myrtales
Family
Rosaceae
Onagraceae
Genus
Aronia
Oenothera
Clade
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Tribe
-
Onagreae
Subfamily
-
Onagroideae
Number of Species
25145
1
27800
👆🏻