Life Span
Perennial
Biennial
Type
Shrub
Palm or Cycad
Origin
North America, United States, Northeastern United States, Mid-Atlantic United States, Southeastern United States, North-Central United States, South-Central United States, Texas
South Africa
Types
-
Alexandria cycad, Encephalartos caffer, Encephalartos concinnus
Number of Varieties
366
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Boggy areas, Fens, Fields, meadows, Swamps, Woodlands
Riverbanks, Rocky areas, Scrubs
USDA Hardiness Zone
4-99-12
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
8-4
12-8
Sunset Zone
1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7
H1, H2, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
Habit
Thicket/Colonizing
Clump-Forming
Plant Size
Minimum Height
180.00 cm290.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
12.70 cm240.00 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
-
-
Flower Color Modifier
-
Bicolor
Fruit Color
Red
-
Leaf Color in Spring
-
Green, Dark Green
Leaf Color in Summer
-
Dark Green
Leaf Color in Fall
-
Dark Green
Leaf Color in Winter
-
Dark Green
Shape
Leaf Shape
Oblovate
Pinnate
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Spring, Fall, Winter
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Growth Rate
Medium
Slow
Type of Soil
Clay, Loam
Loam, Sand
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Drainage
Average
Well drained
Bloom Time
Late Spring
Early Summer, Summer
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
-
Drought
Where to Plant?
Ground, Pot
Container, Ground, Pot
How to Plant?
Divison, Seedlings
Seedlings
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Keep the ground moist but not water-logged
Needs very little water
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Type
Clay, Loam
Loam, Sand
Soil Drainage Capacity
Average
Well drained
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Pruning
Prune after flowering, Prune in early spring, Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
Remove crossing or rubbing branches, Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves, Remove dead or diseased plant parts
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, Compost, Fertilize every year, Mulch, Nitrogen
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
Pests and Diseases
Aphids, Apple Maggot, Fall Webworm, Red blotch, Scale
Red blotch
Plant Tolerance
-
Drought
Flowers
Showy
Insignificant
Flower Petal Number
-
-
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
-
Bold
Foliage Sheen
-
Glossy
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Birds
Birds
Allergy
-
-
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Showy Purposes
Showy Purposes
Beauty Benefits
-
-
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification
Air purification, Shadow Tree, Windbreak
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
-
-
Part of Plant Used
Fruits
Leaves, Seeds, Stem
Other Uses
Used As Food, Used as Ornamental plant
Used As Food, Used as Ornamental plant, Used for its medicinal properties
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Cutflower, Mixed Border, Screening, Wind Break
Feature Plant, Foundation, Mixed Border, Tropical
Botanical Name
ARONIA arbutifolia
ENCEPHALARTOS altensteinii
Common Name
Red Chokeberry
Bread Tree, Prickly Cycad
In Hindi
लाल Chokeberry
Bread Tree
In German
Rote Apfelbeere
Brotbaum
In French
Red Chokeberry
Bread Arbre
In Spanish
rojo Chokeberry
Árbol del pan
In Greek
κόκκινο Chokeberry
ψωμί Δέντρο
In Portuguese
Red Chokeberry
Árvore de pão
In Polish
Red aronii
chleb Drzewo
In Latin
arbutifolia
panis ligno
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Tracheophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Equisetopsida
Order
Rosales
Cycadales
Family
Rosaceae
Cycadaceae
Genus
Aronia
Encephalartos
Clade
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
-
Tribe
-
-
Subfamily
-
-
Number of Species
2566
1
27800
👆🏻