Life Span
Annual and Perennial
Annual and Perennial
Type
Aquatics
Tender Perennial
Origin
United States, Northeastern United States, Mid-Atlantic United States, Southeastern United States, North-Central United States, Central United States, South-Central United States, California, Texas
Eastern Africa
Types
Virginia
-
Number of Varieties
515
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Wet lands
Rocky Ridges, Shores of rivers or lakes, Tropical Climate, tropical environments
USDA Hardiness Zone
4-1011-12
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
10-5
7-1
Sunset Zone
21,22
H1, 23, 24
Habit
Spreading
Cushion/Mound-forming
Plant Size
Minimum Height
10.20 cm25.40 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
90.00 cm25.40 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
White, Light Green
Purple, Violet
Flower Color Modifier
-
Bicolor
Fruit Color
-
-
Leaf Color in Spring
Green, Dark Green
Dark Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Dark Green
Dark Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Dark Green
Dark Green
Leaf Color in Winter
-
Light Green
Shape
Leaf Shape
Lobed
Ovate
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Spring, Summer, Fall
Spring, Summer, Fall
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Growth Rate
Fast
Slow
Type of Soil
Clay, Loam, Sand
Loam
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral
Neutral
Soil Drainage
Poorly Drained
Average
Bloom Time
Summer, Late Summer, Early Fall
Indeterminate
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Wet Site
Drought
Where to Plant?
In Water
Container, Ground, Pot
How to Plant?
Stem Cutting
Seedlings, stem tip cuttings
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Requires consistently moist soil
Keep ground moist, Keep the Soil well drained, Medium, Requires regular watering
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral
Neutral
Soil Type
Clay, Loam, Sand
Loam
Soil Drainage Capacity
Poorly Drained
Average
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Pruning
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
Pinch Tips, Prune prior to new growth, Prune to stimulate growth
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
Pests and Diseases
Red blotch
Grey mold, Leaf spot, Mites, Root rot
Plant Tolerance
Drought
Drought
Flowers
Showy
Showy
Flower Petal Number
Single
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Medium
Fine
Foliage Sheen
Glossy
Glossy
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
-
Butterflies, Flying insects, Hummingbirds
Allergy
-
Pollen
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Showy Purposes, Water gardening
Bouquets, Cut Flowers, Decorating walls, Hanging Basket, Showy Purposes, Used for decorating walls, fences, gates, hedges, etc.
Beauty Benefits
-
-
Edible Uses
Sometimes
-
Environmental Uses
Air purification
Air purification
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Anxiety, Sedative
-
Part of Plant Used
Leaves
Flowers, Leaves
Other Uses
Used as Ornamental plant
Used as Ornamental plant, Used for bedding in gardens
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Bog Garden, Groundcover, Water Gardens
Container, Edging, Houseplant, Tropical
Botanical Name
HYDROCOTYLE umbellata
EXACUM affine
Common Name
Manyflower Marsh Pennywort, Pennywort
German Violet, Persian Violet
In Hindi
pennywort
persian violet
In German
Wassernabel
persian violet
In French
pennywort
persian violet
In Spanish
Centella
Violeta persa
In Greek
pennywort
Περσικό Violet
In Portuguese
conchelo
Violeta persa
In Polish
wąkrota
Persian Violet
In Latin
pennywort
hyacinthum Persarum
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Tracheophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Apiales
Gentianales
Family
Apiaceae
Gentianaceae
Genus
Hydrocotyle
Exacum
Clade
Angiosperms, Asterids, Eudicots
Angiosperms, Asterids, Eudicots
Tribe
-
Exaceae
Subfamily
-
-
Number of Species
70025
1
27800
👆🏻