Life Span
Annual and Perennial
Perennial
Type
Aquatics
Needled or Scaled Evergreen
Origin
United States, Northeastern United States, Mid-Atlantic United States, Southeastern United States, North-Central United States, Central United States, South-Central United States, California, Texas
Northeastern United States, North-Central United States, Alaska, Canada
Types
Virginia
Oriental spruce, Bog spruce, Weeping spruce
Number of Varieties
58
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Wet lands
Moist Soils, Slopes, Swamps, Well Drained
USDA Hardiness Zone
4-101-6
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
10-5
6-1
Sunset Zone
21,22
A1, A2, A3, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7
Habit
Spreading
Narrow Upright/Fastigiate
Plant Size
Minimum Height
10.20 cm3,000.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
90.00 cm60.00 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
White, Light Green
White
Flower Color Modifier
-
Bicolor
Fruit Color
-
Pink
Leaf Color in Spring
Green, Dark Green
Green, Sea Green, Blue Green, Gray Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Dark Green
Blue Green, Gray Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Dark Green
Blue Green, Gray Green
Leaf Color in Winter
-
Blue Green, Gray Green, Dark Green
Shape
Leaf Shape
Lobed
Needle like
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Spring, Summer, Fall
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Growth Rate
Fast
Slow
Type of Soil
Clay, Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral
Acidic, Neutral
Soil Drainage
Poorly Drained
Average
Bloom Time
Summer, Late Summer, Early Fall
-
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Wet Site
Drought
Where to Plant?
In Water
Ground
How to Plant?
Stem Cutting
Cuttings, Seedlings
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Requires consistently moist soil
Average Water Needs, Do Not over Water, Requires regular watering
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral
Acidic, Neutral
Soil Type
Clay, Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam
Soil Drainage Capacity
Poorly Drained
Average
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Pruning
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
Pinch Tips, Remove crossing or rubbing branches, Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves, Remove dead or diseased plant parts
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
Pests and Diseases
Red blotch
Red blotch
Plant Tolerance
Drought
Drought
Flowers
✔
✘
✔
✘
Flower Petal Number
Single
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Medium
Fine
Foliage Sheen
Glossy
Glossy
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
-
Birds
Allergy
-
Dermatitis
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Showy Purposes, Water gardening
Showy Purposes
Beauty Benefits
-
Good for skin
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification
Air purification, Shadow Tree
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Anxiety, Sedative
anti-inflammatory, Disinfectant, Kidney problems, Odontalgic, Poultice, Salve, Stomachic, tuberculosis, Vulnerary
Part of Plant Used
Leaves
Flowers, Inner Bark, Seeds
Other Uses
Used as Ornamental plant
Disinfectant, Gum, Paper pulp, Pitch, String, Used as a dye, Used in paper industry, Waterproofing
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Bog Garden, Groundcover, Water Gardens
Bog Garden, Screening, Wind Break
Botanical Name
HYDROCOTYLE umbellata
PICEA mariana
Common Name
Manyflower Marsh Pennywort, Pennywort
Black Spruce, Bog Spruce, Swamp Spruce
In Hindi
pennywort
Black Spruce Tree
In German
Wassernabel
Schwarz Fichte
In French
pennywort
Noir Épicéa
In Spanish
Centella
Negro árbol de abeto
In Greek
pennywort
Μαύρο Spruce Tree
In Portuguese
conchelo
Árvore Spruce Preto
In Polish
wąkrota
Czarny Świerk Drzewo
In Latin
pennywort
Niger abiegnis
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Coniferophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Pinopsida
Order
Apiales
Pinales
Family
Apiaceae
Pinaceae
Genus
Hydrocotyle
Picea
Clade
Angiosperms, Asterids, Eudicots
-
Tribe
-
-
Subfamily
-
Pinoideae
Number of Species
70035
1
27800
👆🏻