Life Span
Perennial
Perennial
Type
Herbaceous Perennial, Perennial
Perennial
Origin
United States, Central United States, South-Central United States, Texas
North America, United States, Northeastern United States, Mid-Atlantic United States, Southeastern United States, Canada
Types
Oenothera macrocarpa, Oenothera missouriensis
-
Number of Varieties
202
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Bluffs, limestone outcrops, Prairies, Rocky areas
gardens, Hardwood forests
USDA Hardiness Zone
5-85-7
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
8-3
7-5
Sunset Zone
1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Habit
Spreading
Clump-Forming
Plant Size
Minimum Height
15.20 cm15.20 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
35.60 cm12.70 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
Yellow, Lemon yellow, Gold
White
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
Bicolor
Fruit Color
Light Green, Tan
Light Green
Leaf Color in Spring
Green
Green, Blue Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Green
Green, Gray Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Green
Green, Gray Green
Leaf Color in Winter
Light Green
Light Green
Shape
Leaf Shape
Lance shaped
Butterfly shaped
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Spring, Summer
Spring, Summer, Fall
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Partial shade, Full Shade
Growth Rate
Fast
Slow
Type of Soil
Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Drainage
Well drained
Average
Bloom Time
Late Spring, Early Summer, Summer, Late Summer
Late Spring, Early Summer
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Drought
Drought
Where to Plant?
Ground, Pot
Ground, Pot
How to Plant?
Divison, Seedlings
Divison, Seedlings, Stem Planting
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Average Water Needs, Do Not over Water, Requires regular watering
Medium
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Type
Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
Average
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Partial shade, Full Shade
Pruning
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
Remove deadheads, Requires very little pruning
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
No fertilizers needed
Pests and Diseases
Leaf spot, Root rot
Pests and diseases free, Red blotch
Plant Tolerance
Drought
Drought
Flowers
✔
✘
✔
✘
Flower Petal Number
Single
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Medium
Coarse
Foliage Sheen
Matte
Matte
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Bugs, Butterflies, Flies, Flying insects, Insects
Bees, Butterflies
Allergy
-
-
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Beautification, Decorating walls, Hanging Basket, Showy Purposes, Used as an interior landscaping species, Used for decorating walls, fences, gates, hedges, etc.
Showy Purposes
Beauty Benefits
Glowing Skin, Improve skin condition, Making cosmetics, used as a dye
-
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification
Air purification
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Arthritis, cholesterol-lowering, Diarrhea, Eczema, Inflammation, lowering blood pressure
Cancer, Diuretic
Part of Plant Used
Whole plant
Flowers, Root
Other Uses
Making Perfumes, Used as Ornamental plant, Used for bedding in gardens
-
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Mixed Border, Rock Garden, Wall, Wildflower
Feature Plant, Groundcover
Botanical Name
OENOTHERA macrocarpa
JEFFERSONIA diphylla
Common Name
Bigfruit evening Primrose,Ozark sundrop,Missouri evening primrose
-
In Hindi
Missouri primrose
Twinleaf
In German
Missouri Primel
Twinleaf
In French
Oenothera macrocarpa
Twinleaf
In Spanish
prímula Missouri
Twinleaf
In Greek
Missouri primrose
Twinleaf
In Portuguese
Missouri Primrose
Twinleaf
In Polish
Wiesiołek ozdobny
Twinleaf
In Latin
Primrose Missouri
Twinleaf
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Tracheophyta
Tracheophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Myrtales
Ranunculales
Family
Onagraceae
Berberidaceae
Genus
Oenothera
Jeffersonia
Clade
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Angiosperms, Eudicots
Tribe
Onagreae
-
Subfamily
Onagroideae
-
Number of Species
1452
1
27800
👆🏻