Life Span
Perennial
Perennial
Type
Tree
Broadleaf Evergreen
Origin
Eastern Africa, Southern Asia, Southeastern Asia, Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia, Australia
California
Types
Mareer, Manjak
Heteromeles arbutifolia
Number of Varieties
153
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Saline Soils, Sandy areas
Foot Hills, low mountains, Woodlands
USDA Hardiness Zone
10-158-10
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
12-10
-
Sunset Zone
H1, H2
21,22
Habit
Oval or Rounded
Oval or Rounded
Plant Size
Minimum Height
760.00 cm180.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
670.00 cm120.00 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
White, Yellow, Gold, Orange Red
White
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
Bicolor
Fruit Color
Light Green, Chocolate
Red, Orange Red
Leaf Color in Spring
Green
Green, Dark Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Green
Green, Dark Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Green
Green, Dark Green
Leaf Color in Winter
Green
Dark Green
Shape
Leaf Shape
Oval
Elliptic
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Growth Rate
Medium
Medium
Type of Soil
Clay, Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam, Sand
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Drainage
Average
Well drained
Bloom Time
Indeterminate
Summer
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Drought, Salt
Drought, Salt
Where to Plant?
Ground
Ground
How to Plant?
Seedlings, Stem Cutting
Seedlings
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Average Water Needs
Does not require water in summer, Requires watering in the growing season
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Type
Clay, Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam, Sand
Soil Drainage Capacity
Average
Well drained
Sun Exposure
Full Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Pruning
Pinch or prune as they grow to promote branching and bushiness, Remove damaged leaves
-
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, Solid Fertilizers
Pests and Diseases
Root rot, Snails
Bacterial Diseases, Root Pathogen
Plant Tolerance
Drought and Salt
Drought
Flowers
Showy
Showy
Flower Petal Number
Single
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Coarse
Medium
Foliage Sheen
Glossy
Glossy
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Birds, Butterflies
Birds
Allergy
Dizziness, Throat itching, Vomiting
Acidic
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Cottage Garden
Beautification
Beauty Benefits
Making cosmetics, used as a dye
-
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Absorbs greenhouse gases, No fertilizer, pesticides, or herbicides needed, Shadow Tree
Erosion control
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Acne, Aging, Hair Loss
Body Ache, Stomach pain
Part of Plant Used
Flowers, Fruits, Leaves
Fruits, Leaves
Other Uses
Making Shampoo, Showy Purposes, Used as Biofuel, Used as Ornamental plant
Decoration Purposes, Sauces
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Edible, Shade Trees, Street Trees, Tropical
Mixed Border, Screening, Wind Break, Topiary, Bonsai, Espalier
Botanical Name
CORDIA subcordata
HETEROMELES arbutifolia
Common Name
Beach Cordia, Island Walnut, Kou, Sea Trumpet
Christmas Berry, California Holly
In Hindi
Cordia subcordata
Toyon
In German
Cordia subcordata
Toyon
In French
Cordia subcordata
Toyon
In Spanish
Cordia subcordata
Toyon
In Greek
Cordia subcordata
Toyon
In Portuguese
Cordia subcordata
Toyon
In Polish
Cordia subcordata
Toyon
In Latin
Cordia subcordata
Toyon
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Lamiales
Rosales
Family
Boraginaceae
Rosaceae
Genus
Cordia
Heteromeles
Clade
Angiosperms, Asterids, Eudicots
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Tribe
-
Maleae
Subfamily
-
Amygdaloideae
Number of Species
16
1
27800
👆🏻