Life Span
Perennial
  
Perennial
  
Type
Grass
  
Perennial
  
Origin
Europe, Russia/Siberia, Western Africa
  
North America, Northeastern United States, Mid-Atlantic United States, Southeastern United States, North-Central United States, Central United States, South-Central United States, Texas, Canada
  
Types
Not Available
  
Monarda fistulosa brevis, Monarda fistulosa fistulosa, Monarda fistulosa mollis
  
Number of Varieties
Not Available
  
Habitat
Grassland, Tropical regions
  
Thickets, Woodland edges
  
USDA Hardiness Zone
4-8
  
Not Available
  
AHS Heat Zone
8 - 1
  
8-1
  
Sunset Zone
A1, A2, A3, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
  
Not Available
  
Habit
Clump-Forming
  
Clump-Forming
  
Plant Size
  
  
Plant Color
  
  
Flower Color
Non Flowering Plant
  
Not Available
  
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
  
Bicolor
  
Fruit Color
Non Fruiting Plant
  
Not Available
  
Leaf Color in Spring
Dark Green
  
Not Available
  
Leaf Color in Summer
Light Green
  
Not Available
  
Leaf Color in Fall
Dark Green
  
Not Available
  
Leaf Color in Winter
Dark Green
  
Light Green
  
Shape
  
  
Leaf Shape
Linear
  
Lance shaped
  
Thorns
No
  
No
  
Plant Season
Spring, Fall, Winter
  
Spring, Summer
  
Growing Conditions
  
  
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun
  
Full Sun, Partial Sun
  
Growth Rate
Fast
  
Medium
  
Type of Soil
Clay, Loam
  
Clay, Loam, Sand
  
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
  
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
  
Soil Drainage
Average
  
Average
  
Bloom Time
Early Summer
  
Not Available
  
Repeat Bloomer
No
  
No
  
Tolerances
Not Available
  
Drought, Heat Tolerance, Sun
  
Where to Plant?
Ground, Pot
  
Ground
  
How to Plant?
Seedlings
  
Seedlings
  
Plant Maintenance
Medium
  
Medium
  
Watering Plants
  
  
Watering Requirements
Average Water Needs
  
Medium
  
In Summer
Lots of watering
  
Lots of watering
  
In Spring
Moderate
  
Moderate
  
In Winter
Average Water
  
Average Water
  
Soil
  
  
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
  
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
  
Soil Type
Clay, Loam
  
Clay, Loam, Sand
  
Soil Drainage Capacity
Average
  
Average
  
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun
  
Full Sun, Partial Sun
  
Pruning
No pruning needed
  
Cut or pinch the stems, Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead flowers, Remove dead leaves, Remove deadheads
  
Fertilizers
No fertilizers needed
  
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
  
Pests and Diseases
Bacterial Diseases
  
Powdery mildew, Rust
  
Plant Tolerance
Drought
  
Drought, Heat Tolerance, Sun
  
Flowers
Insignificant
  
Yes
  
Flower Petal Number
Single
  
Not Available
  
Fruits
  
  
Showy Fruit
No
  
Yes
  
Edible Fruit
No
  
No
  
Fragrance
  
  
Fragrant Flower
No
  
Yes
  
Fragrant Fruit
No
  
No
  
Fragrant Leaf
Yes
  
Yes
  
Fragrant Bark/Stem
Yes
  
Yes
  
Showy Foliage
Yes
  
No
  
Showy Bark
No
  
No
  
Foliage Texture
Fine
  
Not Available
  
Foliage Sheen
Glossy
  
Not Available
  
Evergreen
No
  
No
  
Invasive
Yes
  
No
  
Self-Sowing
Yes
  
Yes
  
Attracts
Caterpillar, Insects, Moths
  
Bees, Hummingbirds
  
Allergy
no allergic reactions
  
Not Available
  
Uses
  
  
Aesthetic Uses
Not Used For Aesthetic Purpose
  
Beautification, Cottage Garden, Showy Purposes
  
Beauty Benefits
Not Available
  
Skin inflammation, Skin Problems
  
Edible Uses
No
  
Yes
  
Environmental Uses
Air purification
  
Air purification
  
Plant Benefits
  
  
Medicinal Uses
No Medicinal Use
  
Antiseptic, Carminative, Diaphoretic, Diuretic, Gastrointestinal disorders
  
Part of Plant Used
Whole plant
  
Flowers, Leaves, Stem
  
Other Uses
Not Available
  
Added to salads, Used as a flavouring in food, Used as a potherb, Used as Ornamental plant
  
Used As Indoor Plant
No
  
No
  
Used As Outdoor Plant
Yes
  
Yes
  
Garden Design
Lawns and Turf
  
Cutflower, Edible, Mixed Border, Wildflower
  
Botanical Name
LOLIUM perenne ssp. multiflorum
  
MONARDA fistulosa
  
Common Name
Italian Ryegrass
  
Wild Bergamot, bee balm
  
In Hindi
इतालवी ryegrass
  
Wild Bergamot
  
In German
italienisches Raigras
  
Wilde Bergamotte
  
In French
Ray-grass italien
  
bergamote sauvage
  
In Spanish
raigrás italiano
  
bergamota silvestre
  
In Greek
Ιταλικά ήρα
  
άγρια Περγαμόντο
  
In Portuguese
azevém
  
Bergamota selvagem
  
In Polish
życica wielokwiatowa
  
Dziki Bergamot
  
In Latin
Italian ryegrass
  
Wild Bergamot
  
Kingdom
Plantae
  
Plantae
  
Phylum
Tracheophyta
  
Magnoliophyta
  
Class
Liliopsida
  
Magnoliopsida
  
Order
Poales
  
Lamiales
  
Family
Poaceae
  
Lamiaceae
  
Genus
Lolium
  
Monarda
  
Clade
Angiosperms, Commelinids
  
Angiosperms, Asterids, Eudicots
  
Tribe
Not Available
  
Mentheae
  
Subfamily
Pooideae
  
Nepetoideae