Life Span
Annual
Perennial
Type
Flowering Plants, Herbs, Shrubs
Broadleaf Evergreen, Vines
Origin
Southern Asia, India
India, Indonesia, Southeast Asia, Southern Asia
Types
Crotalaria benghalensis Lam.
Crotalaria fenestrata Sims
Crotalaria ferestrata Sims
Crotalaria porrecta Wall.
Crotalaria sericea Willd.
Crotalaria tenuifolia Roxb.
Crotalaria viminea Wall.
Red pepper, Orange pepper
Number of Varieties
77
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Mountain tops, Temperate Regions, Terrestrial
Moist Soils, orchards, Temperate Regions
USDA Hardiness Zone
8-118-15
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
12 - 4
12 - 1
Sunset Zone
H1, H2, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24
H1, H2, 8, 9, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
Habit
Oval or Rounded
Clump-Forming
Plant Size
Minimum Height
90.00 cm180.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
90.00 cm60.00 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
Yellow, Gold
Lemon yellow
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
Bicolor
Fruit Color
Black
Red, Green, Light Green
Leaf Color in Spring
Light Green, Gray Green
Light Green, Dark Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Light Green, Gray Green
Light Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Light Green, Gray Green
Light Green, Dark Green
Leaf Color in Winter
Light Green
Light Green, Dark Green
Shape
Leaf Shape
Ovate
Circular cordate
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Growth Rate
Very Fast
Fast
Type of Soil
Clay, Loam, Sand
Loam, Sand
The pH of Soil
Neutral
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Drainage
Well drained
Average
Bloom Time
Indeterminate
-
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Drought
Drought
Where to Plant?
Ground, Pot
Container, Ground
How to Plant?
Seedlings
Seedlings, Stem Planting, Vegetative Reproduction
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Does not require lot of watering, Requires watering in the growing season
Do Not over Water, Sprinkle water over foliage, Water every two or three days during warmer months
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Neutral
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Type
Clay, Loam, Sandy
Loam, Sand
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
Average
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Pruning
Cut or pinch the stems, Remove damaged leaves, Remove deadheads, Shape and thin as needed
A hard prune may be necessary if the plant becomes woody, Remove dead branches, Trim each shoot back to the first set of leaves
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
10-10-10 diluted liquid fertilizer, All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, Do not let fertilizers touch the leaves
Pests and Diseases
Insects, Moth, Red blotch
Aphids, Beetles, Root rot, Rust, Scab
Plant Tolerance
Drought
Heat Tolerance, Humidity, Salt and Soil Compaction
Flowers
Showy
-
Flower Petal Number
Single
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Fine
Medium
Foliage Sheen
Matte
Matte
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
-
Aphids, Leafminer, Snails, Squirrels
Allergy
-
Oral Allergy
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
-
Beautification, Cottage Garden, Decorating walls
Beauty Benefits
-
Acne, Blackheads
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification
Fixes Nitrogen, Insect Repellent
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Antispasmodic, Cold, Cough, Diarrhea, Digestive disorders, Jaundice, Liver problems, Urinary tract problems, Wounds
Acid Reflux, Dysentry, Healthy teeth, Inflammation, Oral health
Part of Plant Used
Fruits, Leaves
Dried seeds
Other Uses
Culinary use
Culinary use, Oil is used for aromatherapy, Used in herbal medicines
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Edging
Container, Feature Plant, Hedges, Screening / Wind Break, Tropical
Botanical Name
Apocynum cannabinum
Piper nigrum
Common Name
Dogbane, milkweed, honeybloom, bitter root, black
hemp, hemp dogbane, lechuguilla, westernwall
Peppercorn, Piper, Black pepper
In Hindi
भारतीय गांजा
काली मिर्च
In German
Indischer Hanf
Pfeffer
In French
chanvre indien
Piper nigrum
In Spanish
El cáñamo indio
Poivrier noir
In Greek
ινδική κάνναβη
μαύρο πιπέρι
In Portuguese
cânhamo indiano
Pimenta-preta
In Polish
Konopie indyjskie
Pieprz czarny
In Latin
Latin Hemp
nigrum piperis
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
-
Magnoliophyta
Class
-
Magnoliopsida
Order
Fabales
Piperales
Family
Fabaceae
Piperaceae
Genus
Crotalaria
Piper
Clade
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Angiosperms, Monocots
Tribe
Crotalarieae
-
Subfamily
Faboideae
-
Number of Species
4001100
1
27800
👆🏻